Enzyme Inhibition

Hey, guys, In this video, we're going to introduce enzyme inhibition, So enzyme inhibition is really caused by compounds called enzyme inhibitors, and enzyme inhibitors are commonly abbreviated with the letter I just like we see here. And so, really, these enzyme inhibitors, just like we already said, are really just specific compounds that interfere with product formation and therefore decrease and enzymes initial reaction rate or the V, not oven enzyme catalyzed reaction now moving forward. In our course, we're going to talk about many different types of enzyme inhibitors. But one thing that they all share in common is that they all decrease in enzymes. Initial reaction velocity or essentially, they slow down or inhibit the enzyme catalyzed reaction. Now these enzyme inhibitors can actually form a complex with either the free enzyme, which recall is abbreviated with the letter eat and is just the enzyme that is not bound to any substance and or the inhibitor could also form a complex with the already formed enzyme substrate complex. To inhibit the reaction and again decrease the enzymes. Initial reaction velocity now, depending on the type of inhibitor Thean hih bitter will either Onley bind to the free enzyme, or it will Onley bind to the enzyme substrate complex. But some inhibitors will actually bind to both the free enzyme and the enzyme substrate complex. And again, what determines that is the type of inhibitor And again, later, in our course, we'll talk about these different types of inhibitors. But for now, notice that down below. In our example image. We're showing you how the free enzyme inhibitor complex conform over here on the left hand side. But it's also possible for the enzyme substrate inhibitor complex to form. And that's what we're showing over here. And so, with the enzyme inhibitor complex, noticed that in some cases the inhibitor can interact with the free enzyme that is not bound toe any substrate. And of course, this is going to form the free enzyme inhibitor complex or the E I complex for short as shown here now, other types of inhibitors notice they will allow the free enzyme and the substrate toe form the enzyme substrate complex as normal. But then the inhibitor will interact with the enzyme substrate complex toe form, the enzyme substrate inhibitor complex or the E S I complex for short and again, it's going to depend on the type of inhibitor, whether or not it's just the EI, the just the ES I or both that are formed. Now the question does arise of why is it that a cell would want to decrease the enzymes Initial reaction rate? Well, it turns out that biological enzyme inhibitors can be used by cells to regulate enzyme activity, but they can also be used by cells to act as defense poisons and protect the cells from pathogens. Now, enzyme inhibitors will also see moving forward are also important for medicine, since doctors can use them as drugs to treat diseases. Now notice down below and our image Over here on the left hand side, we're showing you how cells can use enzyme inhibitors for regulation of enzyme activity. And so notice down below. We have a eukaryotic cell in this grain circle over here and inside of our eukaryotic cell. We have this enzyme catalyzed reaction and notice that this enzyme catalyzed reaction has gotten a bit carried away and it's produced ah, lot of product over here, and the cell is able to recognize that and so notice that the cell here is actually saying Okay, enzyme, referring to this enzyme in this enzyme catalyzed reaction over here. And it's saying, Okay, enzyme. I think we have enough product, so I'm going to slow you down a bit with some inhibitor. And so the Eukaryotic cell is able to produce inhibitor, and the inhibitor is able to act within the cell to regulate its own enzymatic reactions. And so, as we said, up above, depending on the type of inhibitor, the inhibitor can either interact with the free enzyme to form the complex, or the inhibitor could interact with the enzyme substrate complex to form the E S I complex and again that's going to depend on the type of inhibitor that's produced. But either way you can see that enzymes activity are able to be regulated by thes inhibitors. Now notice. Over here on the right hand side, we're showing you how enzyme inhibitors can also be used by cells to act as poisons in defense so these inhibitors can act as a defense mechanisms for protection reasons. And so notice down below. In our image, we have ah harmful bacteria over here on the top left and brown, and notice that within the harmful bacteria. There is an enzyme catalyzed reaction and this harmful bacteria saying I'm taking you down to our eukaryotic cell over here in green. But notice that the eukaryotic cell is saying not so fast. Bacteria inhibitor protect me. And so notice. In this scenario, the eukaryotic cell is actually secrete ing or uh, expelling, uh, inhibitor into the environment so that the inhibitor can act as a poison and defend the eukaryotic self. And so this inhibitor that is secreted or released into the environment can actually make its way into the harmful bacteria. And again, depending on the type of inhibitor, it can either interact with the free enzyme to form the complex. Or it could interact with the enzyme substrate complex to form the S I complex. But an either scenario, this reaction will be inhibited. And that could kill or at least inhibit, the harmful bacteria. And that will protect the eukaryotic cell. And so these air some ways that biological enzyme inhibitors can be used by cells. Now again, as we've already mentioned, there are actually several different categories of enzyme inhibitors, and so moving forward in our course, we're going to talk about each of these different categories of enzyme inhibitors, and these include irreversible inhibitors, also known as an activators. Reversible inhibitors, competitive inhibitors uncompetitive, mixed and noncompetitive inhibitors. And so again, as we move forward in our course, we're gonna talk about each of these different types of enzyme inhibitors one by one. And so this here concludes our introduction to enzyme inhibition, and we'll be able to learn Mawr and Maura about it as we move along in our course. So I'll see you guys in our next video.