Which of the following techniques directly allows for effective separation/purification of a target protein?

• A. Dialysis.
• B. Salting out.
• C. Chromatography.
• D. Homogenization.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the purpose of each technique: Dialysis is used to remove small molecules from a solution, salting out is used to precipitate proteins by altering solubility, and homogenization is used to break cells open. Chromatography, however, is specifically designed for separating and purifying proteins based on different properties.
2. Recognize that chromatography is a versatile technique that can separate proteins based on size, charge, hydrophobicity, or specific binding affinity, depending on the type of chromatography used (e.g., size-exclusion, ion-exchange, affinity chromatography).
3. Consider the principle of chromatography: it involves passing a mixture dissolved in a 'mobile phase' through a 'stationary phase'. Different components of the mixture travel at different speeds, leading to separation.
4. Identify the type of chromatography that would be most effective for your target protein. For example, if the protein has a unique binding site, affinity chromatography might be the best choice.
5. Plan the chromatography process: prepare the column with the appropriate stationary phase, load your protein mixture, and then elute the proteins while collecting fractions. Analyze these fractions to identify the one containing your target protein.