BackIt has been proposed that small spacecraft could reach other planets in a fairly short time—days instead of many months—if they unfurl a reflective sail and are accelerated by a powerful laser beam generated by an earth-orbiting laser. What speed would a spacecraft need to reach Mars in 8.0 days when Mars is closest to earth?
(II) Our nearest star (other than the Sun) is 4.2 light-years away. That is, it takes 4.2 years for the light it emits to reach Earth. How far away is it in meters?
(II) A light-year is a measure of distance (not time). How many meters does light travel in a year?
Assume that the nearest stars to us have an intrinsic luminosity about the same as the Sun’s. Their apparent brightness, however, is about 1011 times fainter than the Sun. From this, estimate the distance to the nearest stars.
(II) An electromagnetic wave has an electric field given by .
a. What are the wavelength and frequency of the wave?
b. Write down an expression for the magnetic field.
If the electric field in an EM wave has a peak magnitude of 0.45 x 10-4 V/m, what is the peak magnitude of the magnetic field strength?
Why do some microwave ovens rotate the food container? Suppose the metal walls form a rectangular cavity of dimensions 37 cm x 37 cm x 20 cm. When 2.45-GHz microwaves are continuously introduced into this cavity, reflection of incident waves from the walls sets up standing waves with nodes at the walls. Along the 37-cm dimension of the oven, how many nodes exist (excluding the nodes at the wall) and what is the distance between adjacent nodes? (No heating occurs at these nodes, so rotating the food container gives more even heating of the food.)
Estimate the rms electric field in the sunlight that hits Mars, knowing that the Earth receives about 1350 W/m2 and that Mars is 1.52 times farther from the Sun (on average) than is the Earth.
What length of antenna would be appropriate for a portable device that could receive satellite TV?
A radio station is allowed to broadcast at an average power not to exceed 25 kW. If an electric field amplitude of 0.020 V/m is considered to be acceptable for receiving the radio transmission, estimate how many kilometers away you might be able to detect this station.
Suppose that a right-moving EM wave overlaps with a left-moving EM wave so that, in a certain region of space, the total electric field in the y direction and magnetic field in the z direction are given by Eᵧ = E₀ sin(kx - ωt) + E₀ sin(kx + ωt) and Bz = B₀ sin(kx - ωt) - B₀ sin(kx + ωt). Determine the Poynting vector and find the x locations at which it is zero at all times.
A parallel-plate, air-filled capacitor is being charged as in Fig. 29.23. The circular plates have radius 4.00 cm, and at a particular instant the conduction current in the wires is 0.520 A. What is the rate at which the electric field between the plates is changing?
A parallel-plate, air-filled capacitor is being charged as in Fig. 29.23. The circular plates have radius 4.00 cm, and at a particular instant the conduction current in the wires is 0.520 A. (c) What is the induced magnetic field between the plates at a distance of 2.00 cm from the axis? (d) At 1.00 cm from the axis?
A parallel-plate, air-filled capacitor is being charged as in Fig. 29.23. The circular plates have radius 4.00 cm, and at a particular instant the conduction current in the wires is 0.520 A. (a) What is the displacement current density jD in the air space between the plates?