23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Rank the following elements in order of increasing lattice energy: S, In, K, Ba and Cl

Which of the following elements will have the lowest electron affinity?

For Group 5A elements, the ionization energy decreases going down a group because:

Which of the following elements is the best conductor of electricity? (LO 22.1)

(a) N (b) As

(c) P (d) Bi

Consider the following oxoacids: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4. In which oxoacid does chlorine have an oxidation

state of +5? Which oxoacid is the strongest?

(LO 22.17)

(a) HClO has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO4 is the strongest acid.

(b) HClO2 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO is the strongest acid.

(c) HClO3 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO4 is the strongest acid.

(d) HClO4 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO is the strongest acid.

Complete the exercises below.

Which property of the third-row nonmetallic elements might be the one depicted below:

a. first ionization energy,

b. atomic radius,

c. electronegativity,

d. melting point,

e. X―X single-bond enthalpy? [Find more in Sections 22.3, 22.4, 22.6, 22.8, and 22.10]

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Select the group 4A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.

b. Is the least dense semimetal

Which element in each of the following pairs has more nonmetallic character?

(a) Se or Te

Explain why the properties of boron differ so markedly from the properties of the other group 3A elements.

Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.

(b) Is stable in the +1 oxidation state

Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.

(c) Is a semiconductor

What is the most common oxidation state for each of the

group 3A elements?

Consider the elements C, Se, B, Sn, and Cl. Identify which of these elements:

c. Is the best electrical conductor

Look at the properties of the alkali metals summarized in

Table 22.2, and predict reasonable values for the melting

point, boiling point, density, and atomic radius of francium.

Little is known about the chemistry of astatine (At) from direct observation, but reasonable predictions can be made.

(a) Is astatine likely to be a gas, a liquid, or a solid?