10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

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Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the indicated electron in each of the following elements.

Cl^– (18th electron)

Give the set of four quantum numbers that represent the indicated electron in each of the following elements.

Cr³⁺ (21^stelectron)

430

Which of the following orbitals can hold two electrons?

227

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the question.

(i) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s¹

(ii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

(iii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁸

(iv) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

(v) 1s²2s²2p⁴3s¹

An example of a configuration of a transition metal is ________.

131

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the question.

(i) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s¹

(ii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

(iii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁸

(iv) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

(v) 1s²2s²2p⁴3s¹

An example of an excited state (higher energy level than the ground state) is ________.

152

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the question.

(i) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s¹

(ii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

(iii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁸

(iv) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

(v) 1s²2s²2p⁴3s¹

Which represents the ground state electron configuration for a halogen?

126

Consider the following electron configurations to answer the question.

(i) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s¹

(ii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

(iii) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁸

(iv) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶

(v) 1s²2s²2p⁴3s¹

Which ground state electron configuration has the smallest number of valence electrons?

158

Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. a. the number of 2s electrons in Li

380

Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. c. the number of 4p electrons in Br

363

Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. b. the number of 3d electrons in Cu

387

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Use the periodic table to determine each quantity. a. the number of 3s electrons in Mg b. the number of 3d electrons in Cr c. the number of 4d electrons in Y d. the number of 6p electrons in Pb

454

Assign a set of four quantum numbers for the outermost two electrons in Sr.

374

Why does the number of elements in successive periods of the periodic table increase by the progression 2, 8, 18, 32?

267

Iron is commonly found as Fe, Fe2+, and Fe3+. (b) What are the n and l quantum numbers of the electron removed on going from Fe2+ to Fe3+?

746

You have cracked a secret code that uses elemental symbols to spell words. The code uses numbers to designate the elemental symbols. Each number is the sum of the atomic number and the highest principal quantum number of the highest occupied orbital of the element whose symbol is to be used. The message may be written forward or backward. Decode the following messages: a. 10, 12, 58, 11, 7, 44, 63, 66

2386

(f) Can contain two electrons, both with spin ms = +1/2

463

Given the subshells 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d, identify those that meet the following descriptions. (a) Has l = 2

457

224

Assume that the rules for quantum numbers are different and that the spin quantum number ms can have any of three values, ms = -1/2, 0, +1/2, while all other rules remain the same. (a) Draw an orbital-filling diagram for the element with Z = 25, showing the individual electrons in the outer-most subshell as up arrows, down arrows, or 0. How many partially filled orbitals does the element have?

636

Open Question

In what way are the electron configurations of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs similar?