8. Thermochemistry

Which of the following best defines kinetic energy?

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following results in a general increase in potential energy?

The accompanying photo shows a pipevine swallowtail caterpillar climbing up a twig. (a) As the caterpillar climbs, its potential energy is increasing. What source of energy has been used to effect this change in potential energy?

Consider the two spheres shown here, one made of silver and the other of aluminum. (d) If you release the spheres simultaneously, they will have the same velocity when they hit the ground. Will they have the same kinetic energy? If not, which sphere will have more kinetic energy?

An electron with a mass of 9.1 * 10-28 g is traveling at 1.8 * 107 m/s in an electron microscope. Calculate the kinetic energy of electron in units of joules, and report your answer in scientific notation. (LO 1.11) (a) 1.5 * 10-16 J (b) 1.6 * 10-20 J (c) 2.9 * 10-13 J (d) 2.9 * 10-10 J

(b) Why does increasing the temperature cause a solid substance to change in suc- cession from a solid to a liquid to a gas?

(a) Calculate the kinetic energy, in joules, of a 15-g bullet moving at 120 m/s.

Two positively charged particles are first brought close together and then released. Once released, the repulsion between particles causes them to move away from each other. (b) Does the potential energy of the two particles prior to release increase or decrease as the distance between them is increased.

For each of the following processes, does the potential energy of the object(s) increase or decrease? (b) Water is pumped from ground level to the reservoir of a water tower 30 m above the ground.

What is the kinetic energy and velocity of the aluminum sphere in Problem 1.4 at the moment it hits the ground? (Assume that energy is conserved during the fall and that 100% of the sphere's initial potential energy is converted to kinetic energy by the time impact occurs.)

What is the difference between heat and temperature? Between work and energy? Between kinetic energy and potential energy?

Which has more kinetic energy, a 1400-kg car moving at 115 km/h or a 12,000-kg truck moving at 38 km/h?

Which has more kinetic energy, a 1400 kg car moving at 115 km/h or a 12,000 kg truck moving at 38 km/h?

A 100-kg man decides to add to his exercise routine by walking up six flights of stairs (30 m) 10 times per day. He figures that the work required to increase his potential energy in this way will permit him to eat an extra order of French fries, at 245 Cal, without adding to his weight. Is he correct in this assumption?

Suppose an Olympic diver who weighs 52.0 kg executes a straight dive from a 10-m platform. At the apex of the dive, the diver is 10.8 m above the surface of the water. (b) Assuming that all the potential energy of the diver is converted into kinetic energy at the surface of the water, at what speed, in m>s, will the diver enter the water?

Suppose an Olympic diver who weighs 52.0 kg executes a straight dive from a 10-m platform. At the apex of the dive, the diver is 10.8 m above the surface of the water. (a) What is the potential energy of the diver at the apex of the dive, relative to the surface of the water?

(d) What is the kinetic energy of an electron traveling at velocity (c)?