22. Organic Chemistry

Butane and methylpropane are examples of _________.

The type of isomerism in alkenes that is due to restricted rotation is

Write structural formulas for each of the nine structural isomers of heptane.

Determine whether the molecules in each pair are the same or enantiomers. c.

Determine whether the molecules in each pair are the same or enantiomers. c.

Methionine, one of the 20 amino acid building blocks from which proteins are made, has the following structure. What is the chemical formula of methionine? In writing the for-mula, list the element symbols in alphabetical order, and give the number of each element as a subscript.

Dichloroethylene 1C2H2Cl22 has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (c) How many isomeric forms can chloroethylene, C2H3Cl, have? Would they be expected to have dipole moments?

Dichloroethylene 1C2H2Cl22 has three forms (isomers), each of which is a different substance. (a) Draw Lewis structures of the three isomers, all of which have a carbon–carbon double bond.

Write structural formulas for each of the possible isomers of n-pentyne that are formed by moving the position of the triple bond.

(b) Among the four alkanes, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane, which is capable of existing in isomeric forms?

Chloropropane is derived from propane by substituting Cl for H on one of the carbon atoms. (a) Draw the structural formulas for the two isomers of chloropropane.

Determine whether the two structures are isomers or the same molecule drawn in two different ways. b.

Determine whether the two structures are isomers or the same molecule drawn in two different ways. c.

Draw the structure that corresponds to each name and indicate which structures can exist as stereoisomers. b. 3,5-dimethyl-2-hexene

Identify the two compounds that display stereoisomerism and draw their structures. e. 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol

Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon. Instead of having three carbons in a row, the three carbons form a ring, as shown in this perspective drawing (see Figure 2.18 for a prior example of this kind of drawing):

Cyclopropane was at one time used as an anesthetic, but its use was discontinued, in part because it is highly flammable. (b) The three carbon atoms are necessarily in a plane. What do the different wedges mean?

Section 2.9 introduced the idea of structural isomerism, with 1-propanol and 2-propanol as examples. Determine which of these properties would distinguish these two substances: (a) boiling point, (b) combustion analysis results, (c) molecular weight, (d) density at a given temperature and pressure. You can check on the properties of these two compounds in Wolfram Alpha (http://www.wolframalpha.com/) or the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

Write the structural formulas of three different compounds that each have the molecular formula C5H12.

Cyclohexane, C6H12, is an important starting material used in the industrial synthesis of nylon. Each carbon has four covalent bonds, two to hydrogen and two to other carbons. Draw the structural formula of cyclohexane.

Isooctane, the substance in gasoline from which the term octane rating derives, has the formula C8H18. Each carbon has four covalent bonds, and the atoms are connected in the sequence shown. Draw the complete structural formula of isooctane.

Fructose, C6H12O6, is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar and is found in many fruits and berries. Each carbon has four covalent bonds, each oxygen has two covalent bonds, each hydrogen has one covalent bond, and the atoms are connected in the sequence shown. Draw the complete struc-tural formula of fructose.

Illustrate the condensed structural formula of the following hydrocarbon