14. Solutions

Indicate the most important type of intermolecular attraction responsible for solvation in the following solution:

Methanol, CH₃OH, dissolved in ethanol, CH₃CH₂OH

Which of the following solutes will most readily dissolve in H₂O?

Two pure chemical substance are likely to mix and form a solution if:

Which of the following statements is/are true?

I. The hydrocarbon methane (CH₄) will dissolve completely in acetone (CH₃COCH₃).

II. Ammonia (NH₃) will form a heterogeneous mixture with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄).

III. Pentane (C₅H₁₂) will form a homogeneous mixture with carbon tetrabromide (CBr₄).

IV. Methanethiol (CH₃SH) is miscible in fluoromethane (CH₃F).

This figure shows the interaction of a cation with surrounding water molecules. (b) Which of the following explanations accounts for the fact that the ion–solvent interaction is greater for Li⁺ than for K⁺? a. Li⁺ is of lower mass than K⁺. b. The ionization energy of Li is higher than that for K. c. Li⁺ has a smaller ionic radius than K⁺. d. Li has a lower density than K. e. Li reacts with water more slowly than K. [Section 13.1]

Consider two ionic solids, both composed of singly charged ions, that have different lattice energies. (a) Will the solids have the same solubility in water? (b) If not, which solid will be more soluble in water, the one with the larger lattice energy or the one with the smaller lattice energy? Assume that solute–solvent interactions are the same for both solids. [Section 13.1]