14. Solutions
Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces
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Under the theory of likes dissolves likes, we say here that compounds with the same intermolecular force, which I'm gonna abbreviate as IMF, and or polarity will dissolve into each other to form a solution. Remember, a solution is when a solute is successfully dissolved by a solvent. Now here we have our different types of intermolecular forces, the types of compounds that has that as their major force, and then whether that force is polar or nonpolar. So ion dipole is the strongest of the intermolecular forces. It is the major force of ionic compounds. Iodipole itself represents a polar force. So we're gonna say here that this is ionic, and it is a polar intermolecular force. Next strongest is hydrogen bonding, which is just a special type of dipole dipole bonding. Okay? So just keep that in mind. So hydrogen bonding happens as the major force for compounds containing hydrogen directly connected to fun, f o n, so fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Now this is also a polar intermolecular force. Dipole dipole is the major force of polar covalent compounds. So it already described the type of compounds that happen as their major force, so it itself has to be a polar intermolecular force. Then finally, we have London dispersion forces, also called Van der Waals forces or just dispersion forces as a whole. Now we're going to say that this force is found in all compounds. It doesn't matter what the compound is, it has some of this in it. But it is the major and only force of nonpolar covalent compounds. And since it's the major force of non polar covalent compounds, it itself is a non polar intermolecular force. So again, we can look at 2 different substances. If you can tell their polarities, if both are polar, they'll dissolve into each other. If both are nonpolar, they'll dissolve into each other. That's the idea of likes dissolve likes. 2 things that have the same polarity are miscible. They will mix together. If one is polar and one is non polar, they will not mix. Let's say that you're looking at 2 substances and can't tell if they're polar or non polar, then try to look at their intermolecular forces. If they both have the same intermolecular force, they're gonna have the same basic idea of polarity. K? And again, that will reinforce the idea of them being miscible and being able to mix to form a solution. So keep this in mind when comparing any 2 substances to one another.
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