BackA tree loses water to the air by the process of transpiration at the rate of 110 g/h. This water is replaced by the upward flow of sap through vessels in the trunk. If the trunk contains 2000 vessels, each 100 μm in diameter, what is the upward speed in mm/s of the sap in each vessel? The density of tree sap is 1040 kg/m³.
A nuclear power plant draws 3.0 x 106 L/min of cooling water from the ocean. If the water is drawn in through two parallel, 3.0-m-diameter pipes, what is the water speed in each pipe?
A fish tank has dimensions 36 cm wide by 1.0 m long by 0.60 m high. If the filter should process all the water in the tank once every 2.5 h, what should the flow speed be in the 3.0-cm-diameter input tube for the filter?
Four lawn sprinkler heads are fed by a 1.9-cm-diameter pipe. The water comes out of the heads at an angle of 35° to the horizontal and covers a radius of 5.0 m. How fast is the water flowing inside the 1.9-cm-diameter pipe?
(I) Calculate the average speed of blood flow in the major arteries of the body, which have a total cross-sectional area of about 2.0 cm2. Use the data of Example 13–14.
A drinking fountain shoots water about 12 cm up in the air from a nozzle of diameter 0.60 cm (Fig. 13–67). The pump at the base of the unit (1.1 m below the nozzle) pushes water into a 1.2-cm-diameter supply pipe that goes up to the nozzle. What gauge pressure does the pump have to provide? Ignore the viscosity; your answer will therefore be an underestimate.
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(II) Water at a gauge pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows into an office building at a speed of 0.78 m/s through a pipe 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipe tapers down to 2.8 cm in diameter by the top floor, 16 m above (Fig. 13–57), where the faucet has been left open. Calculate the flow velocity and the gauge pressure in the pipe on the top floor. Assume no branch pipes and ignore viscosity.
(II) Water at a gauge pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows into an office building at a speed of 0.78 m/s through a pipe 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipe tapers down to 2.8 cm in diameter by the top floor, 16 m above (Fig. 13–57), where the faucet has been left open. Calculate the gauge pressure in the pipe on the top floor. Assume no branch pipes and ignore viscosity.
(III) (a) Show that the flow speed measured by a venturi meter (see Fig. 13–32) is given by the relation . (b) A venturi meter is measuring the flow of water; it has a main diameter of 3.5 cm tapering down to a throat diameter of 1.0 cm. If the pressure difference is measured to be 18 mm-Hg, what is the speed of the water entering the venturi throat?
(II) Suppose the top surface of the vessel in Fig. 13–58 is subjected to an external pressure P2 in addition to atmospheric pressure P0. If P2 = 0.85 atm and y2 - y1 = 2.4 m, determine v1 for water.
(I) A gardener feels it is taking too long to water a garden with a 3/8 -in. - diameter hose. By what factor will the time be cut using a 5/8 - in. - diameter hose instead? Assume nothing else is changed.
You are watering your lawn with a hose when you put your finger over the hose opening to increase the distance the water reaches. If you are holding the hose horizontally, and the distance the water reaches increases by a factor of 4, what fraction of the hose opening did you block?
If cholesterol buildup reduces the diameter of an artery by 25%, by what % will the blood flow rate be reduced, assuming the same pressure difference?
A pump supplies water to a 1.59-cm inner diameter hose that tapers down to a 0.953-cm-diameter nozzle. The nozzle is aimed so water comes out at a 45° angle and lands 3.0 m away. The nozzle is 0.60 m above ground level, and the pump output is essentially at ground level. What pressure is supplied by the pump?
Estimate the air pressure inside a category 5 hurricane, where the wind speed is 300 km/h (Fig. 13–56).
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