General Biology

Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain:

a) Carbon.

b) Carbon & Oxygen.

c) Carbon & Nitrogen.

d) Carbon & Hydrogen.

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

a) Carbonyl.

b) Ketone.

c) Carboxyl.

d) Methyl.

e) Phosphate.

All of the following are examples of functional groups in biology except:

a) -CH₃.

b) -COOH.

c) -H₂O.

d) -NH₂.

e) -OH.

Which of the following statements concerning dehydration reactions and hydrolysis is correct?

a) Dehydration reactions allow solutions to evaporate; hydrolysis reactions dissolve solutes.

b) Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers.

c) Hydrolysis reactions create polymers from monomers; and dehydration reactions create monomers from polymers.

d) Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

_________ bonds are formed between monomers to form a polymer. 

a) Ionic bonds.

b) Covalent bonds.

c) Hydrogen bonds.

d) Hydrophobic bonds.

e).  Nuclear bonds.

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate?

a) C₂H₂O₂.

b) C₆H₁₂O₆.

c) C₅H₄O₃.

d) C₃H₆O₉.

Monosaccharides are linked together via a ______________ reaction, forming a _____________bond.

a) Hydrolysis ; Glycosidic.

b) Dehydration synthesis ; Hydrogen.

c) Hydrolysis ; Peptide.

d) Dehydration synthesis ; Glycosidic.

e) Hydrolysis ; Hydrogen.

Which of the following chemical reactions results in energy release when glycosidic bonds are broken?

a) Condensation reaction.

b) Dehydration synthesis reaction.

c) Hydrolysis reaction.

d) Hydrogen bonding.

Animal cells store energy in the form of _________, and plant cells store energy in the form of ___________.

a) Sucrose ; glucose.

b) Disaccharides ; monosaccharides.

c) Starch ; glycogen.

d) Cellulose ; chitin.

e) Glycogen ; starch.

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of lobsters and insects?

a) Chitin.

b) Cellulose.

c) Starch.

d) Glycogen.

e) Polypeptides.

The primary building blocks (monomers) of proteins are: 

a) Glucose molecules.

b) Lipids.

c) Nucleotides.

d) Amino acids.

e) None of these.

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

a) Carbonyl and amino groups.

b) Carboxyl and amino groups.

c) Amino and sulfhydryl groups.

d) Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.

What term is used for an amino acid chain that has greater than 50 covalently linked amino acids?

a) Protein.

b) Peptide.

c) Amino acid.

d) Polypeptide.

The specific amino acid sequence in a protein is its:

a) Primary structure.

b) Secondary structure.

c) Tertiary structure.

d) Quaternary structure.

Which of the following is true of protein structure?

a) Peptide bonds are formed by hydrolysis.

b) Peptide bonds join the amine group on one amino acid with the R group of another amino acid.

c) Secondary protein structures are caused by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the peptide backbone.

d) Tertiary protein structure emerges when there is more than one polypeptide in a protein.

What is the role of a chaperone protein?

a) Assist in RNA and DNA folding.

b) Assist in membrane transport.

c) Assist in protein denaturation.

d) Assist in dehydration synthesis reactions.

e) Assist in protein folding or re-naturing.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

a) A nitrogenous base & a phosphate group.

b) A nitrogenous base & a sugar.

c) A nitrogenous base, phosphate group & a sugar.

d) A nitrogenous base, a carbohydrate, & a sugar.

The four nitrogenous bases commonly found if DNA are:  

a) Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil 

b) Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine.

c) Uracil, cytosine, guanine, thymine.

d) Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.

e) None are correct.

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is true?

a) The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other.

b) Nucleic acids are formed through phosphodiester bonds that link complementary nucleobases together.

c) Hydrogen bonds formed between the sugar-phosphate backbones of the two DNA chains stabilize the structure.

d) The pentose sugar in DNA is ribose (containing two hydroxyl groups).

Which type of fatty acids only contain Carbon-Carbon single bonds?

a) Unsaturated.

b) Saturated.

c) Trans fats.

d) Steroids.

A triglyceride is a form of _______ composed of ___________.

a) Lipid ; fatty acids & Glucose.

b) Lipid ; Fatty acids & Glycerol.

c) Carbohydrate ; Fatty acids only.

d) Lipid ; Ribose.

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

a) The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract).

b) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.

c) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.

d) Phospholipids dissolve in water.

The molecule shown the figure is a ________.

a) Fatty acid.

b) Wax.

c) Steroid.

d) Triacylglycerol.

e) Phospholipid.

Choose the correct statement about biological waxes:

a) They contain at least one steroid molecule.

b) They are fatty acids bound to long chain alcohol molecules.

c) They are extremely hydrophilic.

d) They are made of 4 fused carbon ring molecules.