4. Biomolecules

Lipids

4. Biomolecules

Lipids

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Animation: Space-Filling Model of a Phospholipid

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Animation: Space-Filling Model of a Phospholipid

Biomolecules - The Lipids

Lipid overview | Macromolecules | Biology | Khan Academy

Lipids | Fats, Steroids, and Phospholipids | Biological Molecules Simplified #4

#1 A Level Biology - Biological Molecules

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Multiple Choice

Which type of fatty acids only contain Carbon-Carbon single bonds?

a) Unsaturated.

b) Saturated.

c) Trans fats.

d) Steroids.

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Multiple Choice

A triglyceride is a form of _______ composed of ___________.

a) Lipid ; fatty acids & Glucose.

b) Lipid ; Fatty acids & Glycerol.

c) Carbohydrate ; Fatty acids only.

d) Lipid ; Ribose.

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Multiple Choice

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

a) The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract).

b) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar.

c) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.

d) Phospholipids dissolve in water.

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Multiple Choice

The molecule shown the figure is a ________.

a) Fatty acid.

b) Wax.

c) Steroid.

d) Triacylglycerol.

e) Phospholipid.

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Multiple Choice

Choose the correct statement about biological waxes:

a) They contain at least one steroid molecule.

b) They are fatty acids bound to long chain alcohol molecules.

c) They are extremely hydrophilic.

d) They are made of 4 fused carbon ring molecules.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triacylglycerols (fats and oils)?

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Multiple Choice

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they __________.

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms can be correctly used to describe compounds that do not mix with water?

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Multiple Choice

Nutritionally, saturated triacylglycerols are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated triacylglycerols. What is the difference between them?

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Multiple Choice

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are __________.

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Multiple Choice

If a small droplet of triacylglycerol molecules is suspended in water, the fat molecules form a "ball of spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet of phospholipid molecules is put in water, all the molecules point outward, toward the water. Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because phospholipids have __________.

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Multiple Choice

The sex hormones estradiol and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?

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Multiple Choice

High cholesterol levels are considered a major risk factor for heart disease. If it is so bad for humans, why does the body make cholesterol in the first place?

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by __________.

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Multiple Choice

Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by __________.

The fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are __________ because they __________.

How do the phospholipids in archaea differ from those in other cells? a. They have tails made of unsaturated fatty acids instead of saturated fatty acids. b. They do not contain hydrocarbon chains. c. They have isoprenoid tails instead of fatty acid tails. d. They have two hydrocarbon chains instead of three hydrocarbon chains.

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Textbook Question

Macronutrients . a. include carbohydrates and vitamins; b. should make up a small percentage of a healthful diet; c. are essential in minute amounts to help enzymes function; d. include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; e. are synthesized by cells and not necessary to obtain from the diet

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats? a. They are more common in animals than in plants. b. They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. c. They generally solidify at room temperature. d. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

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Textbook Question

What makes a fatty acid an acid? a. It does not dissolve in water. b. It is capable of bonding with other molecules to form a fat. c. It has a carboxyl group that can donate an H+ to a solution. d. It contains only two oxygen atoms.

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Textbook Question

Cooking oil lipids consist of long, unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. Would you expect these molecules to form membranes spontaneously? Why or why not? Describe, on a molecular level, how you would expect these lipids to behave in water.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following terms is least like the others? a. monosaccharide; b. phospholipid; c. fat; d. steroid; e. lipid

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Textbook Question

The main constituents of the plasma membrane are . a. carbohydrates and lipids; b. proteins and phospholipids; c. fats and carbohydrates; d. fatty acids and nucleic acids

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Textbook Question

Unsaturated fats a. have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. b. have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. c. are associated with greater health risks than are saturated fats. d. are more common in animals than in plants.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following substances is a major component of the cell membrane of a fungus? a. cellulose b. chitin c. cholesterol d. phospholipids

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Textbook Question

A fat molecule consists of . a. carbohydrates and proteins; b. complex carbohydrates only; c. saturated oxygen atoms; d. a carbon skeleton and fatty acids

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Textbook Question

Another aspect of the Nurses' Health Study looked at the percentage of change in the risk of coronary heart disease associated with substituting one dietary component for another. These results estimated that replacement of 5% of energy from saturated fat in the diet with unsaturated fats would reduce the risk of heart disease by 42%, and that the replacement of 2% of energy from trans fat with unsaturated fats would reduce the risk by 53%. Explain what these numbers mean.

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4. Biomolecules

Lipids

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