Radioactive isotopes are a specific type of isotope characterized by their instability, leading them to decay over time while emitting energy in the form of rays or particles. A prime example is Carbon-14, which consists of 6 protons and 8 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 14. The decay process of Carbon-14 involves the release of energy and subatomic particles, indicating its radioactive nature.

The rate at which these isotopes decay is consistent, allowing scientists to determine a key concept known as the half-life. The half-life is defined as the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. This predictable decay rate is crucial for various applications, particularly in medicine and geology.

In medicine, radioactive isotopes play a vital role in diagnostic imaging techniques, such as MRIs, and other therapeutic applications. Additionally, they are instrumental in radiometric dating, a method used by scientists to estimate the age of fossils, including dinosaur bones. By measuring the remaining amount of radioactive isotopes and applying the concept of half-life, researchers can approximate the age of these ancient specimens.

Understanding the properties and applications of radioactive isotopes is essential, as they not only contribute to advancements in medical technology but also enhance our knowledge of geological time scales through dating techniques.