Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration

in this video, we're going to begin our introduction to aerobic cellular respiration. And so aerobic cellular respiration as its name implies, is going to be the air aerobic process of breaking down the sugar glucose, which access food for the cell in order to make lots of energy for the cell in the form of a. T. P. Now, aerobic is a term that refers to the requirement of the presence of oxygen gas and the chemical formula for oxygen gasses 02. And moving forward in our course, we're mainly going to be focusing on air aerobic cellular respiration or cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen gas. However, in some of our videos, much later in our course, will also get to talk about what happens with cellular respiration under anaerobic conditions when there is no oxygen present. But for now we're going to focus on aerobic cellular respiration. An air aerobic cellular respiration actually occurs in multiple different stages. That will also get to talk about more moving forward in our course. And most of these stages of aerobic cellular respiration occur inside of the organ al called the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. And so recall that only eukaryotic cells are going to contain mitochondria and pro carry attic cells do not contain those membrane bound organelles like mitochondria. And so once again it is most of the stages of cellular respiration that occurs in mitochondria and eukaryotes. But there is one stage specifically glycol icis, that we'll get to talk more about later on in our course that occurs just outside the mitochondria. But other than that all of the other stages occurs in the mitochondria. And eukaryotes now, in pro carry outs. On the other hand, they again lack mitochondria and so they are still able to perform aerobic cellular respiration. It's just that the location of the stages of aerobic cellular respiration is going to be different. And because pro carry its lack mitochondria, most of the cellular respiration stages are actually going to occur and the cytoplasm of the pro carry attic cells. And so once again, we'll uh talk more about the stages of aerobic cellular respiration as we move forward in our course. Now, another thing that's worth mentioning is that as we move forward in our course, we're mainly going to be focusing on aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotes. And so you'll see us showing the mitochondria a lot. And whenever you see the mitochondria, you can uh assume that this is occurring in eukaryotic organisms. And we'll talk a little bit about cellular respiration and pro carry outs. And we will specifically mention the most important features that you should know about cellular respiration and precarious as we move forward as well. But for now, let's take a look at this image down below here, which is actually showing you the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration, which is actually an important equation for you to be familiar with. And so notice that once again, we're showing you aerobic cellular respiration occurring mainly inside of the mitochondria in eukaryotic organisms. And so we have the mitochondria right over here. And so you can see the chemical equation here for aerobic cellular respiration. And really what it does is it takes uh food for the cell, which is really this sugar called glucose. And so here what we have is the chemical structure of glucose. And it also takes oxygen gas as a reactant. And so the glucose and oxygen gas reactant are going to undergo many different stages of cellular respiration, represented by the single arrow. And uh ultimately what's going to happen is the glucose and oxygen gas are going to get converted into carbon dioxide water and A. T. P. Which is really just a form of energy for the cell. And really the main purpose of cellular respiration is for the cell to get this energy because it can use this A. T. P. Or this energy to drive many other um processes other cellular processes. And so once again, this is just our introduction to aerobic cellular respiration. And we'll be able to talk a lot more about this process as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video

in this video, we're going to talk about how aerobic cellular respiration is a Redox reaction. And so, once again, the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration is a Redox reaction, which recall from our previous lesson videos just means that it involves the transfer of electrons between molecules and recall that way that we can remember. Redox reactions is by remembering Leo the Lion goes Ger and so recall from our previous lesson videos that substances that lose electrons are oxidized, whereas substances that gain electrons are reduced. And so what we'll learn here is that by the very end of the process, aerobic cellular respiration glucose is going to lose electrons, which means that glucose is going to be oxidized. And on the other hand, oxygen gas is going to gain electrons. And so oxygen gas is going to be reduced. And what will learn much later in our courses that oxygen is going to be the final electron except er, meaning that it's going to be the last thing that accepts or gains the electron, so that goes hand in hand with oxygen being reduced. So let's take a look at our example down below at the chemical equation for Arabic cellular respiration. And so notice over here on the left hand side, we're showing you the chemical structure for glucose, and you all should know that glucose is chemical formula is C six h 12 06 And so you should be able to recognize C six h 12 06 as the chemical formula for glucose and so Arabic cellular respiration is going to take glucose as well as oxygen gas. More specifically, six molecules of oxygen gas. And it's going to convert the glucose and the six molecules of oxygen gas into six molecules of carbon dioxide gas, six molecules of water and ah, whole bunch of a teepee somewhere between 30 to 38 80 p. And really, once again, making lots and lots of 80 p is really the main point of Arabic. Cellular respiration is to make lots and lots of 80 p, so basically what it does is it breaks down foods such as sugars like the mono sack ride, glucose using oxygen, and when it breaks down that glucose those foods, it is able to form lots and lots and lots of ATP, and it also makes again carbon dioxide and water as a byproduct. Now what you'll notice here is that the glucose molecule is going to be losing electrons during this process, so the glucose molecule is going to be oxidized and all of those electrons are gonna be used to generate a teepee. And also the oxygen gas molecule here is going to be gaining. The electrons will learn later in our course that oxygen is the final Elektronik sector that gains the electrons. And because it's gaining the electrons, oxygen gas is going to be reduced and ultimately converted into water. And so this year is a chemical reaction that you all should be very familiar with and be able to recognize for your exams, since professors tend to want their students to be very familiar with this overall chemical equation for Arabic cellular respiration. And so this year concludes our introduction to how aerobic cellular respiration is a Redox reaction, and we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward in our course. And we'll also continue to learn Maura Maura about aerobic cellular respiration as we move forward as well. So I'll see you all in our next video

Which one of the following molecules is a by-product of cellular respiration?

a) Water.

b) Glucose.

c) Pyruvate.

d) Oxygen.

e) ADP.

• A. Water.
• B. Glucose.
• C. Pyruvate.
• D. Oxygen.
• E. ADP.

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 H₂O + Energy

a) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.

b) O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced.

c) CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized.

d) O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

• A. C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.
• B. O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced.
• C. CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized.
• D. O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

in this video, we're going to introduce the stages of aerobic cellular respiration. And so aerobic cellular respiration actually includes for metabolic pathways or reactions that we are referring to as stages. And so notice down below, on the left hand side, we're showing you the aerobic cellular respiration stages, specifically in you Kerasiotes or in eukaryotic organisms. And on the right hand side we're showing you the stages of aerobic cellular respiration and pro Kerasiotes. And what you'll notice is that the stages are pretty much identical. For the most part, they are going to be very, very similar. And so each of the stages are going to be like a'Lexus followed by pyrite oxidation, followed by the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle. Those are Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle, or referring to the same exact pathway. And then the electron transport chain and keamy osmosis. And notice that we have the same exact stages over here in pro Kerasiotes. Now, what is different is the location of the stages between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. And so notice that in eukaryotic organisms, the vast majority of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and the mitochondria is represented by this orange structure that you see in the background, the only stage that does not occur in the mitochondria and Eukaryotes is Glick collis is the very first stage of aerobic cellular respiration and click ellipsis occurs in the cytoplasm for eukaryotes, but for pro Kerasiotes over here, notice that pretty much all of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the precarious. And that's because again, pro carrots do not have mitochondria. Uh now do notice that in the electron transport chain and keamy osmosis, this is going to be found specifically in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. But other than that the other stages are going to occur in the cytoplasm. And so this here concludes our brief introduction to the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration, like dialysis by robert oxidation, Krebs cycle, or citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain and keamy osmosis. And as we move forward in our course, we're going to look at each of these four stages and a lot more detail. So I'll see you all as we move forward.

in this video, I'm going to share with you a silly way to help you remember the stages of aerobic cellular respiration, which you might recall from our previous lesson videos is glycol icis pyrite oxidation, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. And so all you need to do to remember the aerobic cellular respiration stages in the correct order is that giant pandas held Einstein and so notice down below, we're showing you here. Giant panda uh that is attacking and killing Einstein right here. And so if you can remember giant pandas killed Einstein, then hopefully that can help you remember the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in the correct order, which are once again, glycol icis piru oxidation, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. And so the first letter here of these words are all matching up. And so again, it's just a silly way to help you remember these stages. And so that being said, this here concludes this video and I'll see you all in our next one.

So here we have an example problem that's asking which of the following options list the stages of Arabic cellular respiration in the correct order. And we've got these four potential answer options down below. And so, of course, we know from our last lesson video that when it comes to remembering the stages of Arabic cellular respiration in the correct order, really, all we need to remember is that giant pandas killed Elvis and by remembering that giant pandas killed Elvis will be able to remember the stages in the correct order and so recall that the giant pandas killing Elvis stands for the G P K e here and the giant stands for, like Kalle assist the P stands for Piroozi oxidation. The K here stands for Krebs cycle, and the E here stands for electron Transport chan in Kenya's Moses. And so it needs to be these stages and this particular order and the only answer option that matches this particular order from our pneumonic is Option B like Collis is followed by Peruvian oxidation, followed by Krebs Cycle and then finally the electron transport chain and Kenya's Moses. And so Option B here is going to be the correct answer for this example problem. And that concludes this example. So I'll see you all in our next video.

in this video we're going to introduce our map of the lesson on cellular respiration which is this image that you see down below. And so this image is a map or an outline of our lesson moving forward. And so you can refer to this image as we move forward in our course and continue to talk more about cellular respiration. And so notice towards the top of our map here we have cellular respiration and moving forward in our course, we're mainly going to be talking about cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen or where oxygen is available. In other words we're going to talk mostly about air aerobic respiration which is cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen with oxygen present. Now later in our course we will talk a little bit about cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen without oxygen and will mainly talk about anaerobic respiration as well as fermentation. Now when oxygen is present, oxygen is going to serve as what is known as the final electron except er And we'll get to talk more about that as we move forward in our course. Now recall that one of the main purposes of cellular respiration is to generate energy in the form of A T. P. And that A. T. P. Can be generated either via substrate level phosphor relation. Or it could be generated via oxidative phosphor relation. And we'll get to talk about the differences between substrate level phosphor relation and oxidative phosphor relation as we move forward in our course now notice that the first and the third stages of cellular respiration are going to generate a T. P. V. A substrate level fossil relation. The second stage which is pyrite oxidation. It turns out that it does not generate a TP directly. Uh And then notice that the fourth stage of aerobic cellular respiration is going to generate a teepee via oxidative foss correlation. And once again we'll talk more about these ideas as we move forward in our course. And so what you'll notice is that these stages that are labeled 123 and four are the main stages of aerobic cellular respiration. And so most of our attention is going to be focused on this region here of our map as we move forward in our course. Uh But then we will also get to talk a little bit about some alternatives to the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration. Some alternatives to like A'Lexus. And that is going to be the uh what is known as the P. P. P. Or the pen. Tose phosphate pathway. We'll talk more about that. And then we'll also talk about the energy of pathway or E. D. P. Here for short. And both of these alternative pathways to glide collis. Sis are going to generate what is known as N. A. D. P. H. But then they also are going to generate intermediates that will feed back into like college, which is why we have arrows going from these alternative pathways back leading back to like Alexis. And again we'll get to talk a lot more about these ideas as we move forward in our course. Once we finish talking about air aerobic, cellular respiration on this left side over here, then we'll move on to talking about cellular respiration without oxygen. Once again, mainly talking about anaerobic respiration and fermentation. And these are going to use alternative final electronic sectors that are not oxygen, such as uh this uh nitrogen component here or this sulfur component over here. And uh then we'll also talk about different types of fermentation, including lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. And so we're mainly going to be covering our lesson by following the left most branches first and then we'll zoom out and talk about the right branches. And so this here concludes our brief introduction to our map of the lesson on cellular respiration. And once again feel free to use this map as a guide so that you can uh basically make predictions about what we're going to cover next. And also to make sure that you are not lost within our lesson. And so I'll see you all in our next video

All right. So here we have an example problem that says using the map above which of the following occurs in the absence of oxygen or where no oxygen is present. And we've got these four potential answer options down below. And so when we take a look at our map of the lesson on cellular respiration from up above notice that this entire left hand branch over here is occurring in the presence of oxygen with oxygen being present, that's this entire left branch and noticed that the entire right branches occurring without oxygen, being present in the absence of oxygen. And so that is this entire right branch. And so notice. Once again, the problem is asking us which of the following occurs in the absence of oxygen where no oxygen is present. So it's specifically wants us to choose an option on the right hand side of our map. And so when we look at some of these options, such as aerobic respiration, oxidative foster relation and oxygen serving as the final Elektronik sector, notice that they all show up on the left hand side. Aerobic respiration is here. Oxidative foster relation is here, and oxygen serving as the final electron. Except er is here. And so those three things are all occurring with oxygen being present and the Onley one that occurs without oxygen. Being present is fermentation and so fermentation We could see over here on the right hand side. And there are two types that we're gonna talk about moving forward, lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. But for now, for this example problem. What we can see is that fermentation is going to be the correct answer here, the one that occurs in the absence of oxygen. And so we could go ahead and indicate that a Here is the correct answer to this example problem and that concludes this example. So I'll see you all in our next video.

Based on the map of cellular respiration, why do we need to breathe in oxygen?

a) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for lactic acid fermentation.

b) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for alcohol fermentation.

c) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for aerobic cellular respiration.

d) Oxygen is not important for the purposes of cellular respiration.

• A. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for lactic acid fermentation.
• B. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for alcohol fermentation.
• C. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for aerobic cellular respiration.
• D. Oxygen is not important for the purposes of cellular respiration.