Biofilms are defined as communities of cells that are encased in a protective, slime-like layer known as extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). This EPS is a sticky matrix secreted by the cells, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of the biofilm. One of the primary functions of EPS is to protect the cells within the biofilm from harmful environmental conditions, including ultraviolet (UV) light, chemical toxins, and antibiotics.
Within these biofilm communities, cells can benefit from enhanced protection and even share genetic material, including resistance genes, through the DNA that is secreted into the EPS. This sharing can lead to increased survival rates among the organisms in the biofilm, as they can collectively resist adverse conditions.
In visual representations of biofilms, the EPS appears as a grayish structure that surrounds and connects various bacterial species, including notable examples like Staphylococcus aureus. The protective nature of the EPS is often illustrated by showing harmful agents, such as toxins and UV light, being deflected or absorbed, highlighting the biofilm's ability to shield its inhabitants.
As we delve deeper into the study of biofilms, we will explore their formation, functions, and implications in various environments, enhancing our understanding of these complex microbial communities.