Liquid Chemicals: Alcohols, Aldehydes, & Biguanides - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Alcohols
Video duration:
3m
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In this video, we're going to begin our lesson on liquid chemicals that are used for controlling microbial growth. Specifically alcohols, Aldo hides and big Leonides. Now in this video we're going to focus primarily on the alcohols. But later in our course and other videos we'll talk about the alga hides and by grenades. And so alcohols can be defined as organic compounds that have at least one hydroxyl group, which is a functional group consisting of an oxygen and hydrogen atom, and the hydroxyl group is going to be bound to a hydrogen saturated carbon atom to create the alcohol. Now, alcohols are commonly used as disinfectant to treat inanimate surfaces or non living surfaces. And alcohols are also commonly used as antiseptics, which recall are a specific type of disinfectant that is safe to be used on tissues such as human skin. And so, alcohols are commonly used as antiseptics for cleaning human skin just before a surgery takes place and alcohol is function primarily by de nature during proteins making those proteins inactive and non functional. And they can also damage cytoplasmic lipid membranes of microorganisms as well to help kill those microorganisms. Now, interestingly enough, alcohols are actually more effective when they are diluted to a specific concentration somewhere around 60-80% alcohol diluted in water. Uh And alcohols are also very effective as tinctures as well. And tinctures are really just a medicine or a chemical disinfectants such as iodine dissolved in an alcohol based solution. And so if we take a look at our image down below, we can get a better understanding of these alcohols which again are gonna consist of molecules with these uh oh H functional groups on them. And so notice over here we're showing you a carbon based molecule here that has this O. H functional group here. And so this is a hydroxyl group and that makes this molecule and alcohol specifically this is the alcohol known as ethanol. And ethanol is a specific type of alcohol that is commonly used throughout uh scientific labs and also commonly used in hospital settings. Again to disinfect surfaces and to help disinfect, cleaning or clean the skin before surgeries. Uh Now over here, what we're showing you is these bottles that are commonly used to make tinctures of iodine and so iodine is usually dissolved in alcohol based solutions. And that's what we're seeing here. And over here. What we're showing you is just a reminder of how alcohol is can be used as antiseptics right before a surgery to help disinfect the skin before surgery. And so this year concludes our brief introduction to alcohols as liquid chemicals used for controlling microbial growth. And moving forward in our course, we'll be able to get some practice and then we'll talk about Aldo hides and by grenades. So I'll see you all in our next video
2
Problem
Problem
Alcohols are not reliably effective at destroying:
A
Vegetative bacteria.
B
Enveloped viruses.
C
Endospores.
D
Non-enveloped viruses.
E
C & D.
F
A & B.
3
concept
Aldehydes
Video duration:
3m
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In this video, we're going to begin our lesson on the use of alga hides as chemicals for controlling microbial growth. And so alba hides are really just any organic compound that has at least one Aldo hide functional group, which is really just a chemical group consisting of a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atom. Now these Aldo hides can be used in many different ways. However, they are commonly used as sterile ints to sterilize objects and destroy all of the microbes on that object. Of course, except for the prions. And these algo hides that are used as sterile ence, have the ability to diffuse across the cells plasma membrane and form what are known as am I'd cross links with amino acids on proteins And when they form these am I cross links with amino acids, they can actually inactivate the proteins and make those proteins nonfunctional. And of course this inactivation of the proteins is ultimately what destroys the microbes and allows Aldo hides to be used to control microbial growth. Now, the use of Aldo hides actually requires really, really long treatment times up to 12 hours in order to destroy endo spores, which recall from our previous lesson videos are very resistant. And so it makes sense that it takes longer treatment times to destroy them. However, it only takes really, really short amount of time, such as like 10 minutes to destroy vegetative cells. And there are many different types of alga hides, including glitter alga hide and formaldehyde, which is a gas that we'll get to talk more about later in our course. And these must be diluted before their use. And so if we take a look at our image down below, we can get a better understanding of these Aldo hides. And so of course the Aldo hides are going to have that functional group, the AL to hide at the very end of the molecule. And so over here, on the left hand side, we're showing you a specific Aldo hide called glut er Aldo hide and glitter Aldo hide, notice actually has to Aldo hide functional groups. It has one on this end and it has one on this end over here. So those are the two Aldo hide functional groups and notice that they consist of a carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. And so notice that the carbon atom is actually represented by this little corner. Each of these corners represents a carbon atom. So there's a carbon atom, here's the oxygen and here's the hydrogen atom and that is what makes the alcohol group. So glitter Aldo Hyde is an alga hide that can be used as a sterile in and once again, glitter al jihad can diffuse across the cells plasma membrane to get inside the cell and then it can react with amino acids on proteins. And so notice Over here we have an active protein which is going to have of course an amino group on one of its amino acids. And the alga hide. This here represents the Alga hide being added, which could be glitter Aldo hide or some other Aldo hide. The Aldo hide that's being added can form a cross link with the protein and so notice that this is an am I'd cross link right here. And this Am I'd cross link that connects the alga hide to the protein is ultimately going to inactivate the protein. And so notice that we've gone from having an active protein on the left hand side to having an inactive protein on the right hand side. And of course, the inactivation of these proteins ultimately leads to the destruction of the microbe. And so that's how Aldo hides can be used to control microbial growth. And so this year concludes our brief lesson on the use of Aldo hides as chemicals for controlling microbial growth. And we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video.
4
Problem
Problem
Glutaraldehyde:
A
Is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life.
B
Forms cross-links with active proteins rendering them inactive.
C
Disrupts lipid membranes.
D
Is able to destroy one of the hardest types of microbes to kill, endospores.
E
All of the above.
5
concept
Biguanides
Video duration:
2m
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in this video, we're going to begin our lesson on the use of bygone IEDs as chemicals for controlling microbial growth. And so by grenades are referring to a group of chemicals that are all derived from the molecule known as Big denied, which is a molecule with the chemical formula of C two H seven and five. Now by grenades are going to primarily affect the membranes of vegetative cells, causing these vegetative cells to leak small molecules and proteins from their membranes. Now the most common chemical in this Big one I group is actually used as an anti septic and this is the molecule known as chlor oh hexi Dean. And so Claro hexi Dean is an example of a big one I that is commonly used as an antiseptic to treat infections either on the skin or the mucous membranes. And big green eyes are also used in prescription mouthwashes, toothpastes and an antiseptic creams as well. And so if we take a look at our image down below, we can get a better understanding of these big Leonides. And so of course these bygone needs are a group of chemicals that are all derived from the molecule called Big Win It. And so this here is the molecule by Gwyneth, which once again has that chemical formula of C two H seven N five. Claro Hexi Dean is an example of a bygone. I'd a molecule derived from Big 19 And so you can see the complex chemical chemical structure of chloral hex 18. And these big one is once again, they tend to disrupt or affect the membranes of vegetative cells causing those cells to leak molecules and proteins. And so notice here that we're showing you a vegetative cell that is uh you can see that it's membrane is being disrupted so that it is leaking these molecules and proteins and things of those nature. Uh Now bygone needs such as Clara exiting are going to be found in prescription mouthwashes and toothpastes and an antiseptic cream such as face cream, for example. And so this here concludes our brief lesson on Big when I reads as a chemical for controlling microbial growth. And so we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
6
Problem
Problem
Chlorhexidine:
A
Is a member of the biguanides group.
B
Is extensively used as an antiseptic.
C
Is ineffective against vegetative cells.
D
Is limited in use due to its high toxicity.
E
A and B.
F
C and D.
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