21. Principles of Disease
2) Avoiding Phagocytosis
21. Principles of Disease
2) Avoiding Phagocytosis
1
concept
Pathogens Avoid Encounter with Phagocytes
5m
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2
Problem
ProblemWhy do some pathogens destroy the host organism's C5a proteins?
A
The phagocytic immune cells are not attracted to the pathogen without C5a.
B
The phagocytic immune cells cannot bind to the pathogen without C5a.
C
The membrane of the phagocytic immune cells degrades without C5a.
3
Problem
ProblemWhat benefit do pathogenic bacteria obtain from secreting membrane-damaging toxins?
A
The toxins will damage any surrounding immune cells.
B
The toxins will stop the immune cells from phagocytosing the pathogen.
C
The toxins will stop the immune cells from sending messages to other immune cells.
D
All of the above.
E
None of the above.
4
concept
Pathogen Use Capsules & M Proteins to Avoid Opsonization
5m
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5
Problem
ProblemThe C3b complement protein is incredibly important for opsonization of pathogenic material. How do some pathogens avoid opsonization by interfering with C3b?
A
Pathogen has outer layer that C3b cannot bind to.
B
Pathogen inhibits the functions of C3 convertase.
C
Pathogen stops the formation of C3b.
D
All of the above.
6
concept
Pathogens Use Fc Receptors to Prevent Opsonization
3m
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7
Problem
ProblemCertain pathogens have Fc receptors on their surface to avoid which immune responses to infection?
A
Opsonin proteins binding to the pathogen and triggering opsonization.
B
C5a attracting phagocytic immune cells to the pathogen's location.
C
Triggering the classical pathway of the compliment system.
D
Release of histamines trigger an inflammatory response.
8
Problem
ProblemWhy would some pathogens inhibit the functions of C3 convertase as a defense mechanism against the host's immune cells?
A
To inhibit the formation of opsonin proteins that bind the pathogen.
B
To inhibit the production of antibodies that recognize the pathogen.
C
To inhibit the activation of T cells that trigger a larger immune response.
D
To inhibit the differentiation of naive B cells into plasma cells.
9
Problem
ProblemStreptococcus pyogenes creates a C5a peptidase enzyme which breaks down the host's C5a proteins. Breaking down the C5a proteins has what result?
A
Stopping the opsonization of Streptococcus pyogenes.
B
Killing the phagocytic cells.
C
Cell lysis of Streptococcus pyogenes.
D
Inhibition of host's membrane attack complexes.
E
Decreased accumulation of phagocytic immune cells.