General Biology

The pea plant (Pisum sativum) is a good choice for studying heredity because it:

An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is:

If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is:

Mendel’s pea plants can have yellow peas or green peas. Mendel found the yellow pea color allele to be dominant over the green pea color allele. What does this mean?

Mendel found that green pea pod color (y) was recessive to yellow pea pod color (Y). For the cross Yy × yy, what percentage of offspring are expected to be yellow?

Mendel crossed a pea plant with yellow peas with a pea plant with green peas. All of the offspring created from this cross has yellow peas. What must be true about the parent plants of this cross for this to occur?

You cross a pea plant with yellow peas (Yy) and a pea plant with green peas. How many unique genotypes are possible for pea color in the offspring? How many unique phenotypes are possible for pea color in the offspring?

In the study of genetics the offspring of the parental generation is referred to as the:

Mendel's observation of the segregation of alleles in gamete formation has its basis in which of the following phases of cell division?

Mendel's law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis I?

Which of the following is the genotypic ratio of offspring created from a cross of two heterozygous parents for a single gene?

a) 2:2

b) 3:1 

c) 1:2:1 

d) 1:3

In a single gene cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, which generation is always completely heterozygous?

a) F1 generation.

b) F2 generation.

c) F3 generation.

d) P generation.

Which of the following single gene crosses would always result in all offspring with the dominant phenotype?

a) tt x tt. 

b) Tt x Tt. 

c) TT x tt. 

d) Tt x tt.

A single gene test cross is conducted to determine the genotype of a pea plant that shows the dominant phenotype for height (T = tall, t = short). If all offspring of the cross show the dominant phenotype, then the genotype of the unknown parent is _______.

a) TT.

b) tT. 

c) Tt. 

d) tt.

You want to determine the pea color genotype of a pea plant with yellow peas. You conduct a test cross with your mystery pea plant. The test cross results in 50% of the offspring possessing yellow peas and 50% of the offspring possessing green peas. What is the genotype for pea color of the mystery parent?

a) YY.

b) Yy.

c) yy.

d) None of the above.

Which of the following statements is correct in describing the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

Which of the following phenomena is a consequence of independent assortment?

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny created by crossing BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails?

Calculate the probability of 2 heterozygous (Rr) parents having 3 homozygous recessive (rr) offspring.

What is the probability that a plant from a monohybrid cross of heterozygous parents, is homozygous dominant OR homozygous recessive?

A blue-eyed female that is homozygous recessive and a brown-eyed male that is heterozygous mate, producing two offspring. What is the probability that one child will have blue eyes AND one will have brown eyes? (Eye color is controlled by a single gene).

A homozygous dominant male has a child with a heterozygous female. What is the probability that the child will have the same genotype as its father OR its mother?

If you look at a blood sample from a person who is heterozygous at the sickle cell locus you will see both normal circular red blood cells and sickle-shaped red blood cells. This is an example of

A gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N. If both children in a family are of blood type M, which of the following situations is possible?

The number of different alleles for ABO blood types is _____ resulting in _____ different blood types.

Which of the following statements best describes epistasis?

Which of the following phenotypes is an example of polygenic inheritance?

A pleiotropic genetic disorder typically has what characteristics?

Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following?

A phenotype is controlled by gene A and gene B. Gene B controls the expression of gene A. This is an example of _____.

If a genetic counselor was examining a pedigree chart and noticed an occurrence of a disease in every generation, the counselor would most likely assume that the disease was caused by:

The pedigree chart shown depicts the inheritance pattern of __________.

Determine the likely pattern of inheritance in the following pedigree. List the genotypes of the numbered individuals in this order: #1, #2, and #3.

The following pedigree is for the ABO blood type group, which is an example of autosomal inheritance. Using the I^A, I^B, i for the alleles, fill in the top half of each box/circle with the genotype. Also, fill in the bottom half of each box/circle with the phenotype (A, B, AB, or O blood type). If it is impossible to know for certain a specific allele in the genotype, then place a “?” as a placeholder to represent the allele that is in question.

Wild type fruit flies have red eyes. A white-eyed female fly is crossed with a red-eyed male fly. All of the females from the cross are red-eyed and all of the males, white-eyed. What type of inheritance pattern is this?

When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result?

The following pedigree is for the X-linked-recessive trait for color blindness. Using XN for the normal allele and Xn for the color blindness allele, fill in the top half of the boxes/circles with the genotype. Also, fill in the bottom half of the boxes/circles with the phenotype (Normal vision or color blind). If it is impossible to know for certain a specific allele in the genotype, then place a “?” to represent the allele that is in question.

A Barr body is:

In cats, fur color is determined by an X-linked gene; There are two alleles for this gene, one allele is for black fur and the other is for orange fur. In cats, a heterozygote female has calico (black and orange patches) colored fur. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the mating of a black female and an orange male?

a) Calico females & calico males.

b) Black females & orange males.

c) Calico females & black males.

d) Orange females & black males.