General Biology

Small accessory rings of DNA that replicate independently of an organism’s genome are called _____.

In DNA technology, the term “vector” can refer to:

What is recombinant DNA made of?

Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme A can be joined to:

Each restriction enzyme has a specific sequence of nucleotides where it cuts the DNA. These sequences of DNA are unique to each restriction enzyme and are known as:

The single-stranded ends of DNA molecules can be joined together by:

The process of using DNA from one organism to alter the characteristics of another is called:

An organism which has foreign genes incorporated into its genomes is known as a:

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule.
II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases).
III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA.

PCR is used to _____.

The polymerase chain reaction:

Why is a DNA polymerase from a thermophilic bacterium used in PCR?

At a crime scene a blood sample was found and investigated using gel electrophoresis. Based on the gel, the blood at the crime scene belongs to which of the suspects?

Gel electrophoresis separates fragments of DNA based on which characteristic?

Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis move away from the negative cathode?

A southern blotting technique is used to detect a specific ______ sequence from a blood or tissue sample.

A _____ is a single-stranded DNA molecule used in hybridization reactions to detect the presence of a particular gene in an assortment of DNA fragments.
(Hybridization Reactions: reactions that combine two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules)

A geneticist wants to see if her patient has Gene X. The geneticist takes a blood sample from her patient and prepares a southern blot. How will the geneticist know if her patient possesses Gene X?

Place the following steps of Southern Blotting in the correct order.
a) ______: Filter paper is incubated with the labeled DNA probe which anneals to the ssDNA fragments.
b) ______: Analyze gel to determine the presence of the DNA sequence of interest.
c) ______: Separate DNA fragments by size using gel electrophoresis.
d) ______: Denature DNA by soaking gel in a basic solution.
e) ______: Fragment unknown DNA sample(s) using restriction enzymes.

By analyzing the Southern Blot results below, which of the samples contains the gene of interest?

The goal of DNA fingerprinting is:

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

The gel below shows a region of STRs from a DNA sample taken from a crime scene. It also shows the same region of STRs from 4 suspects involved in the case. Which suspect’ DNA was found at the crime scene?

Which of the following is NOT required for the reactions in dideoxy sequencing?

According to the gel below, which of the following is the correct sequence on the unknown DNA molecule?

Dideoxy sequencing is also known as chain termination sequencing because:

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?