Organic Chemistry
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i) Identify the reactions that will not produce the given carbonyl product.ii) Which reactions from part (i) will occur upon addition of an acid catalyst?
From the starting material, bromocyclobutane, how could the following compound be synthesized?
Show how the following compound can be prepared using the given starting material and any necessary reagents.
Provide two synthetic approaches to convert benzene to phenol.
Which of the following esters is more reactive towards hydrolysis?
Explain why an acid cannot increase the rate of aminolysis of an ester.
Show how the following compound can be synthesized using the given starting material and any necessary reagents.
Show the missing reagents in the given synthesis.
Which of the following compounds is more reactive toward hydrolysis?
Write the similarities between the following two mechanisms:
Explain why a base cannot increase the rate of aminolysis of an ester.
A. Because the base would protonate the amine and it would lose its nucleophilicity.
B. Because the base would compete with the amine for the nucleophilic acyl substitution.
C. Because the base would deprotonate the amine and it would lose its nucleophilicity.
D. None of these.
Arrange the following esters in increasing order of their reactivity towards the first step of the nucleophilic acyl substitution.
Arrange the following esters in increasing order of their reactivity towards the second step of the nucleophilic acyl substitution.
Propose a synthetic approach to produce each of the given compounds using suitable carboxylic acids or their derivatives.
For the following compounds, identify which carboxylic acid derivative functional group is present.
Rank the following compounds by increasing reactivity of their C=O bond towards strong nucleophiles like ethoxide.
i) Name four reactions that can be done by Gilman reagents. ii) What do they have in common aside from the use of a Gilman reagent?
Determine if the following compound is a derivative of a carboxylic acid.
Determine the product(s) of the acid-base reactions below (if any).
i) propanoic acid + ammonia
ii) phthalic acid + sodium hydroxide
iii) p-toluic acid + sodium trichloroacetate
Rank the sets of compounds below from least to most acidic:
i) methanol, phenol, formic acid
ii) benzoic acid, acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid
iii) salicylic acid, m-nitrosalicylic acid, p-nitrosalicylic acid
Consider the compound shown below:
(i) Identify the type of acid derivative present in this compound.
(ii) What would be the result of complete hydrolysis of this compound?
(iii) Is the ring structure in this compound aromatic? Justify your answer.
The structure given represents a widely used synthetic fiber known for its strength and durability – Kevlar® (Aramid). (i) Identify its type (polyester, polyether, etc.), (ii) illustrate the monomer that would be released upon complete hydrolysis, and (iii) propose potential stable derivatives or original monomers that could have been utilized in its production.
The structure given represents a polymer commonly used in beverage containers – Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). (i) Identify its type (polyester, polyether, etc.), (ii) illustrate what would be released upon complete hydrolysis, and (iii) propose potential stable derivatives or original monomers that could have been utilized in its production.