Functional Groups: Videos & Practice Problems

Determine the number of carbon atoms that are involved in the planar double-bond system in the given structures.

Consider the line-angle structure of cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid given below, and answer the following: 

(a) How many carbons are there in the molecule?

(b) Identify the marked carbons as 1°, 2°, 3°, or 4°.

(c) How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the marked carbon?

Determine the number of carbon atoms that are involved in the planar double-bond system in the given structure.

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the provided compounds and classify them based on their functional groups.

How many primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) carbons does the following compound have?

Is the following hydroxyl group tertiary (3°), secondary (2°), or primary (1°)?

The indicated carbon atoms comprise the ether functional group in the compounds below. Determine the degrees of these carbons.

Determine the number of hydrogen atoms that a 27-carbon compound (molecular class: alkane) has.

Are the following amines correctly labeled as 4° ammonium ion, 3° amine, 2° amine, and 1° amine?

Generate the Lewis structures for the given compounds. Identify the class of each compound based on their functional groups.

How many hydrogens are present in an 18-carbon compound if it is a monoalkene?

In the following molecule, which of the marked thiol groups is primary (1°), which is secondary (2°), and which is tertiary (3°)?

Label the following carbocation as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°).

Draw the lewis structures of the following organic compounds. Classify each as an alkene, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ether, or alcohol.

a. CH₃CH(OH)CH₃ 

b. CH₃CHO 

c. CH₂CHCOCH₃

Gambierol is a toxin from marine algal bloom that is responsible for fish poisoning. A group of scientists from Tohoku University, Japan has reported its isolation and structure determination in 1993. The structure was found to have a large number of fused rings.

(a) Determine the number of ether groups present?
(b) Determine the number of alcohol groups present, and classify each of them as 1°, 2°, or 3°.
(c) Identify if there are any other functional groups.

Classify each of the following organic compounds and circle the functional groups in their structures.

a. HCOOH

b. CH₃CON(CH₃)₂

c. CH₃NH₂

Build a Lewis structure for each of the listed molecules and name their functional groups.

Classify the following carbocation as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°), based on the carbon atom with the positive charge.

How many hydrogens are present in a 16-carbon compound given that it is a monoalkyne?

Name the functional group(s) present in the following molecule.

Classify each of the given structures as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

Classify each of the following organic compounds and circle the functional groups in their structures.

a. 

b. CH₂=CHCHO

c. CH₃COOCH₃

What functional groups are possible in a molecule with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O?

Draw a Lewis structure of the given compounds. Based on their functional group, classify each as an alkene, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ether, or alcohol.

Answer the following questions on alkanes:

(i) How many carbons does an alkane have if it contains 52 hydrogens?

(ii) How many hydrogens does an alkane have if it contains 15 carbons?

Answer the following questions about the given compound:

(i) How many primary carbons does it have?

(ii) How many secondary carbons does it have?

(iii) How many tertiary carbons does it have?

Penicillin, a widely used antibiotic, was first discovered in 1928. Over time, some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillin by producing an enzyme that breaks down the beta-lactam ring in its structure. To counter this resistance, chemists modified the penicillin structure to create methicillin, which is resistant to the bacterial enzyme.

(i) Encircle the ether group in methicillin.

(ii) Determine the amide group in methicillin and the type of amide it has.

An alkyl group with four carbons can exist in four different forms. Draw these alkyl groups to identify the degree of substitution as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°), of the head carbon atom.

In studying functional groups, the designation of substitution will be particularly important. 

According to the degree at which the bromine is bonded to the carbon, classify the following bromoalkane as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°).

Provide a Lewis structure for each of the compounds below and classify them based on their functional groups.

Multiple functional groups often exist in every bioactive compound that we use in our daily lives. Determine the functional groups in each given compound:

i. Aspirin is used as a pain reliever and an anti-inflammatory drug.

ii. Vanillin is used as a flavoring agent and a fragrance component.

Multiple functional groups often exist in every bioactive compound that we use in our daily lives. Label the functional groups in the compound below. Simvastatin treats high cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol in the blood.