Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?

• A. They possess both DNA and RNA simultaneously.
• B. They cannot carry out metabolic processes independently.
• C. They have a cellular structure similar to bacteria.
• D. They are able to reproduce without a host cell.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of living organisms: Typically, living organisms are characterized by their ability to carry out essential life processes independently, such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.
2. Analyze the characteristics of viruses: Viruses consist of genetic material (either DNA or RNA, but not both simultaneously) enclosed in a protein coat, and they lack cellular structures.
3. Focus on metabolic processes: Living organisms perform metabolic activities to generate energy and maintain cellular functions. Viruses do not have the machinery to perform metabolism on their own.
4. Consider reproduction: Viruses require a host cell to replicate because they cannot reproduce independently; they hijack the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles.
5. Conclude why viruses are not considered living: Since viruses cannot carry out metabolic processes independently and cannot reproduce without a host, they do not meet the criteria to be classified as living organisms.