Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the human microbiome?

• A. The human microbiome is harmful and should be eliminated to maintain good health.
• B. The human microbiome is limited to bacteria found only in the digestive tract.
• C. The human microbiome is identical in all individuals regardless of age, diet, or environment.
• D. The human microbiome consists of all the microorganisms that live in and on the human body, playing essential roles in health and disease.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of the human microbiome: it includes all microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others) that live in and on the human body, not just bacteria or those in a single location.
2. Recognize that the human microbiome is not harmful by default; many microbes have beneficial roles such as aiding digestion, protecting against pathogens, and supporting the immune system.
3. Note that the microbiome varies between individuals and is influenced by factors like age, diet, environment, and health status, so it is not identical in everyone.
4. Evaluate each statement by comparing it to these facts: the microbiome is diverse, beneficial, and variable, which helps identify the most accurate description.
5. Conclude that the most accurate statement is the one describing the microbiome as all microorganisms living in and on the human body, playing essential roles in health and disease.