Which of the following conditions is used in the pasteurization of milk?

• A. Heating at 72°C for 15 seconds
• B. Heating at 60°C for 30 minutes
• C. Freezing at -20°C for 1 hour
• D. Boiling at 100°C for 5 minutes

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that pasteurization is a process used to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms in milk without significantly affecting its taste or nutritional value.
2. Recall that pasteurization typically involves heating milk to a specific temperature for a short period of time, which is enough to kill harmful bacteria but not to sterilize the milk completely.
3. Identify the common pasteurization methods: the high-temperature short-time (HTST) method and the low-temperature long-time (LTLT) method.
4. Note that the HTST method involves heating milk to 72\degree C for 15 seconds, which is the standard condition for pasteurization in many countries.
5. Compare the given options and recognize that heating at 72\degree C for 15 seconds matches the HTST pasteurization condition, while other options correspond to different processes (e.g., freezing or boiling).