General Biology

Which of the listed characteristics is shared by plants, fungi, and animals?

Animals probably evolved from colonial protists. How do animals differ from these protist ancestors?

Many young animals are __________, a sexually immature form that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage. These young animals undergo __________ to become __________, which resemble adults but are not yet sexually mature.

Which of the following groups does not exhibit bilateral symmetry?

Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?

In the embryo of a shark, ectoderm gives rise to __________; mesoderm gives rise to __________; endoderm gives rise to __________.

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of the clade Ecdysozoa for which this group is named?

Unlike other animals, sponges __________.

Which of the following is characteristic of protostomes?

All animals with bilateral symmetry have __________ germ layer(s).

A true coelom is __________.

One of the primary developmental/anatomical characteristics distinguishing the major animal phyla is the condition of the body cavity. A pseudocoelomate animal is one in which the body cavity is __________.

The presence of a coelom is advantageous because __________.

Indeterminate cleavage produces embryonic cells that __________.

The zygotes of many protostomes undergo __________ cleavage and __________ cleavage.

An animal with a true coelom that has __________ cleavage must be a(n) __________.

Which of the following is a trait shared by protostomes and deuterostomes?

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is correct? (A) Echinodermata—radial symmetry as a larva, coelom (B) Nematoda—roundworms, internal skeleton (C) Platyhelminthes—flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, no body cavity (D) Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelom

Which of the following was probably an important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion? (A) the movement of animals onto land (B) an increase in the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen (C) the emergence of predator-prey relationships (D) the origin of bilaterian animals

Based on the tree in Figure 32.11, which statement is false? a. The animal kingdom is monophyletic. b. Acoelomate flatworms are more closely related to echinoderms than to annelids. c. Sponges are basal animals. d. Bilaterians form a clade

Which of the following was probably the least important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion? a. the emergence of predator-prey relationships b. an increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen c. the movement of animals onto land d. the origin of Hox genes

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of a. a body cavity. b. a complete digestive tract. c. mesoderm. d. tissues.

One of the characteristics unique to animals is a. gastrulation. b. multicellularity. c. sexual reproduction. d. flagellated sperm.

Evaluate this statement: Animals evolved from simple to complex.

Why is it ecologically significant that animals are heterotrophic and multicellular?

True or false? New major animal body plans have continued to evolve since the Cambrian about 550 million years ago.

In a tube-within-a-tube body plan, what is the interior tube derived from? a. ectoderm b. mesoderm c. the coelom d. endoderm

Which synapomorphy (shared, derived trait) distinguishes animals as a monophyletic group, distinct from choanoflagellates? a. multicellularity b. coloniality c. heterotrophy d. movement