33. Plant Anatomy

In the hierarchy of biological organization, what is the shoot?

A root hair is __________.

Leaves occur at intervals along the plant stem. What is the region where a leaf is attached to the stem?

Leaves consist of __________.

The shoot system of a prickly pear cactus consists of broad paddle-like structures covered with clusters of spines. The spines are modified leaves, so the flat green paddles must be modified versions of what structure?

What is the difference between the root epidermis and the shoot epidermis?

A cross section of a plant part exposes epidermis, a thick cortex, and a central cylinder of xylem and phloem. This part is a __________.

Which of the following is closest to the center of a buttercup (eudicot) root?

In most leaves, chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted in the __________.

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of structures from the inside to the outside of a leaf blade?

What accounts for about 90% of a plant cell's expansion?

What type of phyllotaxy minimizes shading of lower leaves?

Create a diagram or concept map that shows the relationships between the following: root system, root hairs, shoot system, leaves, petioles, blades, stems, nodes, internodes, flowers.

Which of the following is an important exception to the central dogma of molecular biology? a. Many genes code for RNAs that function directly in the cell. b. DNA is the repository of genetic information in all cells. c. Messenger RNA is a short-lived 'information carrier.' d. Proteins are responsible for most aspects of the phenotype.

Researchers design experiments so that only one thing is different between the treatments that are being compared. In the Hershey–Chase experiment, what was this single difference?

Describe the general function of the shoot and the general function of the root system. Which tissues are continuous throughout these two systems? Suggest a hypothesis to explain why the shoot and root systems of different species are so variable in size and shape.

The root pericycle is the site where (A) secondary growth originates. (B) root hairs originate. (C) lateral roots originate. (D) the endodermis originates

Explain why continuous growth enhances the phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity.

Root apical meristems are found (A) only in taproots. (B) only in lateral roots. (C) only in adventitious roots. (D) in all roots

What does the cuticle do? What do stomata do? Predict how the thickness of the cuticle and the number of stomata differ in plants from wet habitats versus dry habitats.

Identify the structure you are consuming when you eat each of the following: asparagus, Brussels sprouts, celery, spinach, carrot, potato.

A strawberry plant mutant that fails to make stolons would suffer from (A) too little mineral absorption. (B) a tendency to topple over. (C) too little water absorption. (D) a reduction in asexual reproduction

Botanists are looking for the wild ancestors of potatoes, corn, and wheat. Why is this search important?

SCIENTIFIC THINKING In Module 31.1, several lines of investigation are used to investigate the time and location of the domestication of important crops. Which line of evidence do you consider the most reliable? Why?