17. Viruses

Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics except __________.

A microbiologist analyzes chemicals obtained from an enveloped RNA virus that infects monkeys. He finds that the viral envelope contains a protein characteristic of monkey cells. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Which of the following, if any, may be a component of a virus?

Viruses that infect bacteria are called __________.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, only infects certain cells within the immune system. This is because __________.

Which of the following can a virus do without a host cell?

When a virus infects an E. coli cell, what part of the virus enters the bacterial cytoplasm?

The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is a __________ cycle, and a phage that always reproduces this way is a __________ phage.

In the lytic life cycle of phages, __________.

Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by __________.

The avian flu virus H5N1 is considered a greater long-term threat than the swine flu virus H1N1 because __________.

A new pathogenic form of influenza A can emerge when __________.

Plant viruses spread throughout the plant by way of __________.

Which of the following is an example of vertical transmission of a virus in plants?

Birds act as a natural __________ for the influenza __________ virus.