In both generalized and specialized transduction only one cell survives this process. Which cell does not survive the process of transduction and why?

• A. The recipient cell lyses after it binds with the transducing particle.
• B. The donor cell lyses after being infected by the bacteriophage.
• C. The transducing cell degrades after phage DNA incorporates into the cell's chromosome.
• D. All of the cells survive the process of transduction.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of transduction: Transduction is a process of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, where a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) transfers genetic material from one bacterium (the donor) to another (the recipient).
2. Differentiate between generalized and specialized transduction: In generalized transduction, any part of the bacterial genome can be transferred, while in specialized transduction, only specific parts of the genome are transferred, usually those near the prophage site.
3. Identify the role of the donor cell: In both types of transduction, the donor cell is initially infected by the bacteriophage. The phage injects its DNA into the donor cell, which can lead to the lysis (destruction) of the donor cell as new phage particles are produced.
4. Recognize the fate of the donor cell: The donor cell does not survive the process of transduction because it is lysed by the bacteriophage after the phage DNA has been replicated and new phage particles are assembled.
5. Clarify the survival of other cells: The recipient cell, which receives the transduced DNA, survives and incorporates the new genetic material into its genome. The transducing particle, which is the phage carrying donor DNA, does not degrade but facilitates the transfer of genetic material.