Superoxide dismutase _________.
a. Causes hydrogen peroxide to become toxic
b. Detoxifies superoxide radicals
c. Neutralizes singlet oxygen
d. Is missing in aerobes

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cellular metabolism, especially in aerobic organisms where reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated.
2. Recall that superoxide radicals (O2•−) are harmful byproducts of oxygen metabolism that can damage cellular components if not removed.
3. Know that superoxide dismutase catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into less harmful molecules, specifically converting superoxide into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
4. Recognize that hydrogen peroxide produced by SOD is then further detoxified by other enzymes like catalase or peroxidase, preventing toxicity.
5. Based on this understanding, identify which option correctly describes the function of superoxide dismutase.

Key Concepts

Superoxide Radicals

Superoxide radicals are reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed as byproducts of oxygen metabolism. They are highly reactive and can damage cellular components like DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to oxidative stress.

Function of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby detoxifying these harmful molecules and protecting cells from oxidative damage.

Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Aerobes

Aerobic organisms produce antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase to neutralize reactive oxygen species generated during respiration. The presence of SOD is essential for survival in oxygen-rich environments.