In forest ecosystems, which type of symbiotic fungi commonly forms mutualistic associations with tree roots and helps forests by enhancing water and mineral nutrient uptake?

• A. Parasitic fungi that cause rust and smut diseases in plants
• B. Dermatophyte fungi that feed on keratin in skin, hair, and nails
• C. Mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., ectomycorrhizae or arbuscular mycorrhizae)
• D. Saprophytic fungi that primarily decompose dead organic matter without forming root symbioses

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the types of fungi mentioned and their ecological roles: parasitic fungi, dermatophyte fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, and saprophytic fungi.
2. Understand that parasitic fungi cause diseases in plants and do not form mutualistic relationships that benefit the host plant.
3. Recognize that dermatophyte fungi specialize in decomposing keratin in animal tissues and are not involved in plant root associations.
4. Recall that saprophytic fungi decompose dead organic matter but do not form symbiotic relationships with living plant roots.
5. Focus on mycorrhizal fungi, which form mutualistic associations with tree roots, enhancing water and mineral nutrient uptake, thus benefiting forest ecosystems.