Which of the following cellular responses does not occur due to the inflammatory response?

• A. Mast cells degranulate releasing histamines.
• B. Epithelial cells change shape allow blood vessels to dilate.
• C. Macrophages pass through the epithelial cells of blood vessels to the site of injury.
• D. Neutrophils form membrane attack complexes to attack invading microbes.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of the inflammatory response: The inflammatory response is a complex biological process that occurs in response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It involves various cellular and molecular events to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out damaged cells, and establish a repair process.
2. Identify the role of mast cells: Mast cells are immune cells that play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They degranulate, releasing histamines and other chemicals that increase the permeability of blood vessels, allowing immune cells to reach the site of injury.
3. Examine the role of epithelial cells: During inflammation, epithelial cells can change shape to allow blood vessels to dilate. This dilation increases blood flow to the affected area, facilitating the delivery of immune cells and nutrients necessary for healing.
4. Consider the function of macrophages: Macrophages are immune cells that can move through the epithelial cells of blood vessels (a process known as diapedesis) to reach the site of injury. They help in phagocytosing pathogens and debris, playing a key role in the inflammatory response.
5. Analyze the role of neutrophils: Neutrophils are another type of immune cell involved in the inflammatory response. However, forming membrane attack complexes is not a typical function of neutrophils. This process is more associated with the complement system, which is a part of the immune response but not directly related to the inflammatory response initiated by neutrophils.