During group translocation, which statement is true?

• A. No energy is required.
• B. Substrate is being modified.
• C. Channel is an integral membrane protein.
• D. Both b and c.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of group translocation: Group translocation is a type of active transport mechanism used by bacteria to transport substances across the cell membrane while chemically modifying them in the process.
2. Identify the role of energy in group translocation: Unlike passive transport, group translocation requires energy, typically in the form of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), to facilitate the transport and modification of the substrate.
3. Examine the modification of the substrate: During group translocation, the substrate is chemically modified as it is transported across the membrane. This modification is crucial for the process and distinguishes it from other transport mechanisms.
4. Consider the role of membrane proteins: Group translocation involves integral membrane proteins that act as channels or carriers. These proteins are essential for the transport and modification of the substrate.
5. Evaluate the given statements: Based on the understanding of group translocation, determine which statements are true. The substrate is indeed modified (statement b), and the channel is an integral membrane protein (statement c), making both b and c correct.