In microbiology, what is a primary function of a bacterium’s capsule (a type of glycocalyx)?

• A. It forms the internal cytoskeletal structure that enables cell division.
• B. It helps the bacterium evade host defenses by inhibiting phagocytosis and can aid in adherence to surfaces.
• C. It contains the enzymes that replicate the bacterial chromosome.
• D. It generates ATP by carrying out oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the capsule is a type of glycocalyx, which is an external layer surrounding some bacteria.
2. Recognize that the capsule is primarily composed of polysaccharides (sugars) and sometimes proteins, forming a protective layer.
3. Recall that one of the main roles of the capsule is to protect bacteria from the host immune system, particularly by preventing phagocytosis, which is the process where immune cells engulf and destroy bacteria.
4. Note that the capsule also helps bacteria adhere to surfaces, which can be important for colonization and infection.
5. Eliminate options related to internal cell structures or metabolic functions, such as cytoskeletal formation, chromosome replication, or ATP generation, as these are not functions of the capsule.