When DNA is transferred between bacterial cells, there are three possible fates of the transferred DNA. Which fate ensures that the transferred DNA will be retained inside of the bacterial cell the longest?

• A. The transferred DNA being integrated into the bacterial chromosome.
• B. The transferred DNA forming a plasmid within the bacterial cell.
• C. The transferred DNA being degraded by the bacterial cell.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of DNA transfer in bacteria, which can occur through processes like transformation, transduction, or conjugation.
2. Recognize that once DNA is transferred into a bacterial cell, it can have different fates: integration into the chromosome, formation of a plasmid, or degradation.
3. Consider the stability and retention of DNA within the bacterial cell. DNA integrated into the bacterial chromosome becomes part of the cell's genetic material, ensuring long-term retention.
4. Compare this with plasmid formation, where the DNA exists independently but can be lost if not maintained through replication or selective pressure.
5. Acknowledge that degradation results in the loss of the transferred DNA, making integration into the chromosome the most stable and long-lasting fate.