Textbook Question
Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.
__________ The surface cells of the epidermis of the skin are alive.
19. Innate Immunity
Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin
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Examples of 1st line defenses to infection which are components of the innate immune system include all of the following except?
A
Unbroken skin.
B
Phagocytosis of a pathogen by an immune cell.
C
Digestive enzymes in saliva.
D
Destructive acids in gastric juices.
E
Naturally occurring human microbiome.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of the innate immune system, which provides the first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, and biological barriers.
Identify the components of the first line of defense. These typically include physical barriers like unbroken skin, chemical barriers such as digestive enzymes in saliva and acids in gastric juices, and biological barriers like the naturally occurring human microbiome.
Recognize that phagocytosis is a process where immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens. This is part of the second line of defense, which involves cellular responses rather than physical or chemical barriers.
Differentiate between the first line of defense (barriers) and the second line of defense (cellular responses) in the innate immune system.
Conclude that phagocytosis is not a component of the first line of defense, as it involves active cellular processes rather than passive barriers.
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