The humoral response is initiated by production of:

• A. Cytotoxic T cells.
• B. Antigens.
• C. Red blood cells.
• D. Antibodies.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the humoral immune response: It is a part of the adaptive immune system that involves the production of antibodies by B cells.
2. Recognize the role of B cells: B cells are responsible for producing antibodies in response to specific antigens.
3. Identify the function of antibodies: Antibodies are proteins that specifically bind to antigens, neutralizing them or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
4. Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immunity: Humoral immunity involves antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, such as cytotoxic T cells.
5. Recall that the humoral response is initiated by the production of antibodies, which are crucial for targeting and neutralizing pathogens in the body.