Multiple Choice
Which of the following correctly identifies the three main layers of a separated blood sample after centrifugation, and matches the primary formed elements seen on a blood smear?
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1. Introduction to Microbiology
Introduction to Microbiology
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Virulence factors include all the following except:
A
Capsules
B
Toxins
C
Flagella
D
Ribosomes
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the definition of virulence factors: these are molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease in a host.
Review each option and determine if it is commonly recognized as a virulence factor:
Capsules: These are protective layers around some bacteria that help evade the host immune system, so they are virulence factors.
Toxins: These are poisonous substances produced by bacteria that damage host tissues, clearly virulence factors.
Flagella: These are structures that provide motility to bacteria, aiding in colonization and invasion, thus considered virulence factors.
Ribosomes: These are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis and are found in all cells, including bacteria, but they do not contribute directly to pathogenicity and are not virulence factors.
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