Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:
d.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the structure provided in the image. This chain will serve as the parent chain, and its length determines the base name (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.).
2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting from the end closest to the first substituent (branch or functional group) to ensure the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.
3. Identify and name all substituents (e.g., alkyl groups like methyl, ethyl, etc., or functional groups like hydroxyl, halogens, etc.) attached to the parent chain.
4. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the parent chain, and list the substituents in alphabetical order when writing the full name. Use prefixes like di-, tri-, etc., if there are multiple identical substituents.
5. Combine the substituent names, their positions, and the parent chain name into the full IUPAC name, ensuring proper punctuation (e.g., commas between numbers and hyphens between numbers and words).

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a set of rules to create unique names for organic and inorganic substances, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the structure and composition of the compound.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Understanding functional groups is essential for IUPAC naming, as they often dictate the suffix or prefix used in the compound's name, such as -ol for alcohols or -oic acid for carboxylic acids.

Structural Representation

Structural representation refers to the way a chemical structure is depicted, which can include Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal formulas. Accurately interpreting these representations is crucial for determining the correct IUPAC name, as they provide insight into the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity within the molecule.