Auto-Ionization

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna take a look at the auto ionization of water. So what we're gonna say here is in an acquis solution. So the solvent is water. Water molecules can react with each other on. We're gonna say this is called the process off auto ionization or self ionization. Now, in this process, we're going to create H 30 plus and O H minus. Now just realize, how does this happen for this to occur? One of the water molecules has to act as an acid, and the other one has to act as a base. So let's say that this one here acts as the acid, and this year is the base. Remember, Bronston Laurie definitions. The acid acts as an H plus donor. The base acts as an H plus except er, so this base right here is going to accept an H plus, and as a result, it's gonna become H 30 plus. Then we're gonna say that the other water molecule, the one that's acting as an acid because it's giving away an H plus it becomes O. H minus and just also realize here that water molecules exists in liquid form. But then once they become these ions the hydro Nia, my on and the hydroxide ion they're gonna become a quiz. So they're no longer liquid water. And because of that, they're no longer a liquid. There gonna be a quiz? Remember, A quiz just means that the parts of the water are attracted to these particular ions. We can simplify auto ionization or self organization by just saying that water separates into H plus plus O H minus. Remember, we've said this before that h plus is the same thing as H 30 plus. Okay, so both are hydro Nia, my on They both mean the same exact thing. Now we're gonna say here that the equilibrium equation for water is called the ion product and I on product, it's simply said to bkw So when we're talking about the k w for water, we're talking about the ion product of water and we're gonna say that K w equals your hydro knee my on multiply times, your hydroxide ion, and we're gonna say here that at 25 degrees Celsius, K W is 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. But remember, Just like all case, it's going to be temperature dependent. If you change the temperature, you're gonna change the value of the K W. So we're gonna say increasing the temperature will increase our kw. Now, here I give us a bunch of different values for K W, found at various temperatures and notice as a temperature. Gradually increases are K W will get bigger and bigger now. Just realize on your exam when you need to use K W. If they don't give you a temperature, just assume that it's 25 degrees Celsius. So then K W would be 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. Now, knowing this, let's take a look at this question here.

So this question states determine the concentration of hydro Nia my on so basically find H plus or H +30 plus they both mean the same thing for a neutral solution at 25 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius. Okay, Now what we should realize here is what does neutral mean? Neutral means that your compound is not acidic or basic, and what it really means is that h 30 plus equals O H minus. They're both the same thing and because they're equal to each other, we're gonna set them both to an unknown variable. We're gonna set them two X and then what we're gonna do here is we know at 25 degrees Celsius, k w will be 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. So a 25 degrees Celsius, That's what our K W. Is. And we just said that h 30 plus in which minus are equal when the solution is neutral and we're gonna set them both equal to X. So then you're gonna say x times X really means x squared and you only wanna find X, not X squared. So take the square root so in this case, X equals 1.0 times 10 to the negative seven. That number right there represents my concentration of H 30 plus. And technically, because it's neutral, it also represents the concentration of O H minus. Now, if you wanted to do it at 50 degrees Celsius would have to realize that since the temperature changes kw changes to this new number here. So we're gonna say 5.476 times 10 to the negative 14. Same exact process equals X squared. We just want X. So we're gonna take the square root of both sides. When we do that, it's going to give us a final answer of X equals 2. times 10 to the negative seven? No. Now So remember, this is important to know because K w equals H plus and times O H minus. This equation is important because of the temperature temperature is not given. Assume that K w equals 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. If you know h plus concentration, then you know O h minus concentration. Because K w will be our constant and vice versa. If you know o h minus. You confined h Plus, this is the relationship we need to understand and these air the beginning steps for us to figure out the p H and p o h of different types of acquis solutions.