Naming Esters - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
IUPAC Rules for Naming Esters Concept 1
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59s
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Now recall ester's possess an oxygen atom connected to an al keel group. So a carbon group and a carbon chain containing a carbonel group. So ester have this as the portion that indicates what they are. Now ester have a unique naming system. The carbon chain with the carbonel group is named as though it was a carbolic acid, but it's not a carbolic acid anymore. It's an ester. So we have to modify the ending. So we're gonna modify the ending from OIC acid, which is the ending of a carbolic acid to 08, which is now the end of the name for Nester. In terms of our naming convention, we still talk about our substituents and we'll see how that works. In terms of ester. We'll have our parent chain where we modify the ending to 08. So keep this in mind as we start naming different types of ester.
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example
IUPAC Rules for Naming Esters Example 1
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3m
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Provide the systematic name for the following ester to do that. We're gonna utilize the following steps. Step one, we have to identify the al keel group connected to the oxygen atom and we're gonna name the alki group as a substituent. Now, when it comes to this alkyl group connected to our oxygen known numerical location for the alkyl group is needed. So if we take a look here, I've highlighted the portion, that's the al Kal group. So here it's a two carbon alkyl group. So that's ethyl. Step three, we identify the carbon chain connected to the carbonel group. So here our carbonel group is highlighted in yellow here. Step four, figure out the length of the carbon chain starting from the carbonel group. So here I've already numbered it for us. So we start here. 1234. The carbon deal group is carbon number um as carbon number one is implied. Now, here we have to assign numbers for the location of each substituent on the carbon chain with the carbonel group. So here we have as our substituent, this metal group down here when more than one identical substituents, we use the prefixes of die for two, try for three and tetra for four. So here we have a methyl group and remember this is our original one, the AL Q, which is Ethel, we name all substituents in alphabetical order prefixes do not count. And here we're going to use commas to separate numbers from numbers and we're going to use dashes to separate letters from numbers. Now, letters are not separated from letters and this is important here, this is an additional step we have to take in mind where we write the alk group name with spaces. OK. So when it comes to writing this alk group that's connected to the oxygen, we write it with spaces. So let's put all this together. So E comes before M so it's gonna be ethyl. Remember this, we write it with spaces. Then we're gonna have what? On carbon number three of the carbon chain, we're gonna have a methyl. So three methyl and then here it's a four carbon chain which is butane and as a carboxylic acid, it have been Banic acid. But remember we're changing this to 08. So it becomes Butan 08. So we end in name with Butana eight. So it'd be ethyl, three methyl buthan, that'd be the name of this particular ester.
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following ester.
A
propyl butanoate
B
butyl propanoate
C
isopropyl butanoate
D
isobutyl propanoate
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following ester.
A
tert-butyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
B
sec-butyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
C
tert-butyl 4,4-dimethylpentanoate
D
isopropyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
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Problem
Problem
If the substituent name of benzene is phenyl, which structure represents phenyl propanoate?
A
B
C
D
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concept
Common Naming: Esters Concept 2
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3m
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When it comes to the common naming of Ester's, we're going to say they follow the same rules as Iupac except now the par chain consists of common name prefixes with an eight ending. So the naming convention will be substituent prefix and then modifier. So we take a look here at this example. It says provide a common name for the following Esther. So step one says that we need to identify the al Q group connected to the AO and we're talking about this oxygen atom here and it's 123 carbons, three carbon chain is prop and we're named, we name the al Q group as a substituent. Remember substituents, we name at the beginning of the name. Now here we're gonna say no numerical location for the alki group is needed. So by not saying where it's attached because it's not attached to a carbon, it's attached to an oxygen directly. That's why we don't need to give a, a number location. Next we identify and name the carbon chain, including the carbonel group. We figure out the length of the carbon chain starting from the carbonel group. The carnal group as carbon number one is implied. All right. So if we look here, we have 12345 carbons. All right. So we're talking about common names. We're gonna say here, a five carbon chain is use the prefix valor. And because it is an ester, we use the ending eight. So it's valerate. Step five is we're gonna sign number which is attached to the location for each substituent on the carbon chain with the carbonel group. When more than one identical substituent is low is attached. We use the prefixes of die for two, try for three and tetra for four. We're gonna say name all substituents in alphabetical order prefixes do not count. Now, if we come back up here, val rate is the name of the carbon chain attached to carbon number two, we have three carbons. Also, they're attached to the metal part. This is isopropyl, this isopropyl on carbon number two. It's going to be connected to this portion of the ether. So two isopropyl valerate. So if we come back down here, it says now, uh we're gonna use commas to separate numbers from numbers. We we use dashes to separate letters from numbers. Things that we've done consistently when it comes to naming letters are not separated from letters and we're gonna say write the al Q group name with spaces. So coming back up here, the alk group, the one that's attached to the oxygen was it's gonna be listed here in front it's a substituent. So it's in the beginning of the name, we make sure there's a space between it and the two isopropyl valerate. This tells us that this propal portion is connected to the oxygen of the ether and the rest of it that's in red is the, is part of the main chain that contains a carbonel group, right? So this is the approach we take naming ers using a common naming system.
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Problem
Problem
Provide common name for given compound.
A
cyclopentyl-4,4-dimethyl valerate
B
cyclopentyl 4,4,4-trimethyl butyrate
C
cyclopentyl 4,4-dimethyl valerate
D
cyclopentyl-4,4,4-trimethyl butyrate
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Problem
Problem
Give a common name for the following compound.
A
tert-butyl benzoic acid
B
butyl benzoate
C
tert-butyl benzoate
D
sec-butyl benzoate
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Problem
Problem
Draw structure for given name: hexyl 3-chlorobutyrate.