Hey, guys, In this brand new video, we're gonna take a look at salts. So what we should realize here is whenever we have an acid or base neutralizing one another, we're gonna usually form water as well as a second product. We call this second product assault, and let's think of a simple, basic type of acid based reaction. Let's think of hydrochloric acid, a very common strong acid, and it reacts with sodium hydroxide. N a O. H. Now remember our products you are going to be remember HCL is made up of h positive and cl negative. N a O. H is made up of any positive and O h minus. Opposites attract this positive in this negative are now attracted together. Whenever you have an H positive and O H minus, combining you form water. Now the N a positive and seal minus will be attracted to one another and they give us an A C l. We're gonna say n hcl is our salt. It's basically the ionic product that results from the neutralization between an acid and a base. Now we're going to say that this salt here, which is made up of any positive and seal minus. This salt could make our solution acidic, basic or neutral, depending on the rules that we're going to see in a few seconds from these two ions. That's the whole purpose of this section. So remember, we're gonna have to learn that salts are just ionic compounds. They're made up of a positive ion called a cat ion and a negative ion called an anti on. Now, based on certain properties, these ions could be acidic, basic or neutral. So let's take a look at it. We're gonna say here, if we're taking a look at our cat ions, we're gonna break down our cat ions into basically three categories. We have our transition metals. We have our main group metals, and then we have our positive amines. Remember, on your periodic table, the transition metals are the ones that are found within the pit. And remember, our main group metals are just group one A two a three a and four a medals, and then our positive amines, remember, Inamine is a compound that has nitrogen and hydrogen or carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. So let's look over the first section. The rule says, if your transition. Metal has a charge off, plus two or higher. It's going to be acidic. We're gonna say if the charges less than plus two, then it's going to be neutral. So let's think of an example here. Let's say we have zinc chloride and then we have silver bromide. Now remember, zinc is always plus two. So when this thing breaks up into its ions, these are the ions were going toe create. Now zinc is a transition metal. It meets the requirement. It meets the minimum of a of A plus to charge. And because of that meets the minimum minimum of a plus to charge. It's going to be acidic now. Silver bromide. When it breaks up, it's gonna break up into a G plus. Plus B are negative now. Technically, if you remember, your side ability rules. Silver bromide is insoluble. Shouldn't break up. But we're just saying, theoretically, if it did break up here, it's a transition metal. It doesn't meet the requirement. It has to be plus two or higher. This is only plus one. So instead of being acidic, it would be neutral. All right, So for each of these rules that we're gonna go over. If they meet the requirements of them, they could be acidic or basic. If they don't meet that requirement, that means they're automatically going to be neutral.

Now, if we go to the next one, we're gonna say if your main group metal has a charge of plus three or higher, then it's going to be acidic. If it doesn't meet that minimum requirement of plus three, it's going to be neutral. So if we have silver on the aluminum acetate, remember, we're only focused on the medals right now. We'll learn about what do we do with the negative ions in a few minutes. So we have aluminum acetate here, and then we have barium oxide. So remember this will break up into a little three positive on. We know what's three positive, because aluminum is in Group three A. And don't worry about a state. For now, we'll talk about how we look at that in a few minutes. So aluminum's a man group metal. It meets the minimum requirement of plus three. So it's going to be acidic. Barium oxide, barium and group to a. So it's plus two oxide is in Group six A. So it's minus two. This right here is the main group metal, but it doesn't meet the minimum requirement of plus three, and because of that, it will be neutral won't be acidic. So remember transition metals, the ones in the pit have to be plus two or higher, but main group metals have to be plus three or higher. If they meet the requirements, then they're acidic. If they don't meet those requirements, then they're going to be neutral.

now positive amines are acidic. So let's think of some examples here we could have NH four br We could have ch three NH three cl. We could have C six h five NH three n 02 All different examples on what you should realize here is you just have to think of it like this. You could say that this first compound could be in a mean, but what's messing it up? That bro Ming is messing it up. That one element there signifies that we have assault, so you should know to break it up into its ions. So this breaks up into NH four. Positive. This breaks up into B are negative. We have a positive, I mean so therefore that, I mean, is automatically acidic. So remember, just tell yourself it could be in a mean. It could fit either this description or this description, but there's something that's interfering with it. What's that one thing? It's usually going to be at the end, and it's going to be a negative, an ion. So just break it up into its two ions. You'll have your positive of me and you'll have your negative ion. You're an eye on Look at the positive mean it's automatically going to be acidic. This to this could be a mean, but what's messing it up? The chlorine at the end? So it's assault. So break it up. We know it has to be plus one, because the halogen Zara Group seven A and there minus one. And look, we just isolated another positive. I mean, therefore, it's a cynic, just like this one is acidic. Finally, the last one, we could say that this portion here could be our mean, but what's messing it up? N O. To remember N 02 is our nitrite ion all those probably atomic on and you guys have to learn earlier on. You still have to remember them. So here, that's going to be C six h five NH three plus one. This is going to be N O to minus one again, let's not worry about the negative ions just yet. What's important for right now is that we have a positive I mean isolated, so it's going to be acidic. So remember, if we have transition metal, it needs to be plus two or higher to be acidic. If it's not. It's neutral for men, group medals, medals and groups. One a two a three a and four A. They have to be plus three or higher, or they're going to be neutral. And for the main group medals, if you really think about it, since the main group metals have to be plus through your or higher, that automatically means that group one A, which are always plus one and group to a, which are always plus two, will always be neutral. So they're not gonna meet the requirement. So if you see a assault question on your examine that has a group one A or to a metal involved automatically, that metal's going to be neutral because it's not gonna meet the minimum requirements. Group three X Plus three. So if you see aluminum or gallium or something, those will be acidic. It gets a little tricky and group for a. If you have a periodic table near you, just take a look at it in Group four A. We have 10 s n, and then we have led. Now they're in Group four A. But remember I said this several videos ago that these two, even though their main group, metals. They can act like transition metals that could be either plus two or plus four. So be careful. Which one are they giving you? If they're giving us M Plus two or P B Plus two, their main group metals, they don't meet the minimum requirement of plus three, so they would be neutral. But if you have sm plus four or P B plus four, then they wouldn't meet the minimum requirements and they would be acidic. So that was a little tricky. So remember that.

now. Finally, we talked about the and ions. Well, the positive ions. I mean, now we're gonna talk about the and ions and negative ions, and this one's a little bit trickier. And it requires you guys to remember the rules that you learned in terms off. What's a weak or strong acid? So the rules that I taught you guys are still in play. So here, we're gonna say, if you have a negative ion than at an H plus to it, if you create an acid, then your negative ion is basic. So let's take a look and figure out a good example of this. Let's say we have B R O negative, and we have b are negative to negative ions. So to both of them were gonna add an H plus. Now, remember, if you add an H plus to it, you're going to create an acid. You just have to ask yourself what type of acid in my creating first, remember we said this earlier. There are two types of acids. There are binary acids, which have no oxygen, and then there oxy acids or Oxo acids, which do have oxygen. The first one h B. R O has hydrogen, a non metal and oxygen. It's an oxy acid. All we have to do now is use the rules that we know we take the number of oxygen's, which is one and we subtracted by the number of hydrogen, which is also one. You need a minimum of two oxygen's left to be strong. Here you have nothing left. So we classify this oxy acid as a week oxy acid. And we just said if you create a weak acid, then your negative ion will be basic. So since we have a weak oxy acid here, this negative ion is basic. Now let's look at the other one. Hbr HBR has hydrogen connected to an electoral negative element br and it has no oxygen. So this is a binary acid. And we said earlier that there are only three types of binary assets that are strong. The three strong binary acids are hcl, hbr h I, and look, we have hbr here, so this would be a strong binary acid. And remember, we just said you have to create a weak acid so that your negative island is basic here. We just created a strong acid. So that means that this negative on would actually be neutral because it fails to meet the requirement. Basics are basic. Ions are a little bit more difficult because we have to add an H plus to it and see what kind of acid we create. Because this all goes into the theory off. If you have a weak species than its conjugal will be stronger than it. It won't be strong at the end of the day, but it'll be stronger than where it came from. So because we start from a week oxy acid here, that means that its conjugate base would be more basic. Could be a stronger base. That's why B r O minus is basic. Here we have a strong acid, so that means that its conjugate base would be extremely weak. Because, remember, whatever you are, you're opposites gonna be very, very different from you. So because we have a strong binary acid, strong acid that you create a week base weak acid means you create a stronger base. The base will be stronger. It will still be relatively weak compared to other strong bases, but it will still be stronger than the acid it came from. Okay, so just keep applying this rule focus more on the anti on because it's a little bit more difficult. Like I said, you have to add an H plus and then follow the rules that we learned about when it comes to identifying acids and bases, as long as you can remember that you'll be able to answer these types of questions.