Intro to Carbohydrates - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems

Intro to Carbohydrates Concept 1

Now, carbohydrates are sugars or saccharide composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They're also rich in hydroxyl groups. Remember when we say hydroxy groups, we're talking about oh groups. Here, we're gonna say that the primary source of energy for living organisms and mono sac rides represent the simplest carbohydrates with the general formula of C H2O. And here this would be NN here is gonna be a number that's equal to or greater than three. The structure of C H2O kind of gives away why we call it a carbohydrate carb because of carbon. And remember when we hydrate something, we're adding water to it. So that's why we have AC plus water. And is just telling us that these mono sac rides are three carbons are larger, at least the ones that we're gonna pay attention to. And we're gonna say it can be straight chains or rings. Now, here we have two examples of monosaccharide. The first one has an aldehyde group which remember is a carbon group connected to an H we'd say that its sugar form is called an all dose all because of the aldehyde oats because of the sugar. Here, we have a key toone, remember keyt to is a carbon and it's has a carbon on each side. Now, here, if an aldehyde sugar is called an aldose, what is a ketone sugar called a ketose? So keet for ketone and oat because it is a sugar. So here we have an all those sugar and a ketose sugar.

Intro to Carbohydrates Example 1

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate. Remember simple carbohydrates, follow a formula of C H2O. And then add, if we take a look here, which one has that type of ratio, the ratio is we're gonna have twice as many hydrogens than we do carbon or oxygen. If we took a look at all our options, it doesn't work because the number of hydrogen is not double the amount of carbon or oxygen sitting here for c same here for D. The answer here would be B because in B we have C six H 1206, we have twice as many hydrogens than we do carbons or oxygens. So again, this represents the basic formula for a simple monosaccharide or simple carbohydrate. And here would be equal to or greater than three. So again, for this particular question, the answer is option B.

Monosaccharide Generic Names Concept 2

Now, when it comes to mono sac rides and naming them, we're going to say they use both generic names and specific names think of glucose. In this example, it says provide a generic name for the following Mono Sac ride. So step one is we're gonna start with Aldo or Keto depending on the functional group present. If it's an aldehyde sugar, we start with Aldo. If it's a ketone sugar, we start with keto. We can see we have a carbon you here with a carbon on each side. So it's a ketone sugar. So we're gonna start with keto. Step two. We count the number of carbons and we use prefixes, numerical prefixes, try for three tetra for four. Pent is five. Hex is six and hept is seven. Here we'd number from the end closest to the carbon carbon. So we'd start numbering up here 123455 carbons. So that would be pent and then finally step three because it is a sugar or a carbohydrate, we end it with oats like glucose. So here the ending would be os. So the generic name for the following monosaccharide would be a keto pentose sugar. Right. So keto, pentose would be its generic name. We know it's keto since it's a ketone sugar, pent, since there's five carbons and o because it is a monosaccharide or sugar.