Lipoproteins for Transport - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Lipoproteins for Transport Concept 1
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In this video, we'll talk about the use of lipoproteins for transport. Now, recall that lipids are nonpolar and therefore insoluble in aqueous environments of the blood. And we're gonna say lipoproteins, these are just the spherical structures of lipids and proteins that serve as transport vehicles for lipids. And just for definitional sake, we're gonna say here, cholesterol esters, remember that's just cholesterol ester bonded to a fatty acid. Here, we have an example of a Chylomicron. Now, when it comes to this Chylomicron, we're gonna say that this top portion represents the protein portion. Then here we have our phospho lipid. And then here this would be our cholesterol. If we were to take a closer look at this image, we would say that on the outside, we have our polar surface and we're gonna say what's poking out of this polar surface. Here, we have our cholesterols, we have our protein here and we have our fossil lipid bilayer. And then in the interior, this would have to be our nonpolar interior. In here. We could have our cholesterol esters as well as our tag molecules. All right. So just remember here, we're talking about lipoproteins. They're just vehicles for us to transport lipids because lipids themselves being nonpolar, they're not gonna be soluble within our aqueous environment of blood.
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Lipoproteins for Transport Concept 2
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Now remember when it comes to lipoproteins, we're going to say they're classified by their density. And when it comes to lipoproteins, we have the protein aspect of it as well as the lipid aspect of it. So here we're gonna talk about protein to lipid ratios. Here, we'd say that our lipid ratio is larger. So that's why we have it in larger letters than protein. As we move from the left side here towards the right side, the amount of protein to lipid will increase. So now we have more protein to lipid ratio over here on the right side. So we're gonna say, as we're heading towards the right side, the amount of lipids that we have decreases versus the amount of protein which increases. This causes an increase in our density. Just remember, proteins are more dense than our lipids will be. So if our amount of protein is increasing, that means that our density should be increasing. Now, here, when we're talking about lipoproteins, we can talk about different types. Here, we have our Chylomicron, we have VLDL which is very low density lipoproteins. LDL, which is our low density lipoproteins and HDL, which is our high density lipoproteins. If we're talking about their densities here, Chylomicron would have the lowest density out of all of them, very low density, like where proteins would be low LD. I would be moderate and HDL would be the highest density. Now, the lipids here for Ky Kyle Micros, we'd say that this is all dietary lipids and we're gonna say here uh VLDL, these are our tags. LDL is cholesterol and then HDL also is cholesterol. So you may go to the doctor, you hear them talking about high density uh cholesterol, low density cholesterol. So LDL and HDL both deal with cholesterol as the type of lipids. Now, their locations are where, well, Chylomicron, we'd say that these are the intestines to our liver, adipose tissue and other uh other tissues. Remember when we're talking about lipid digestion, we talk about our mono ole glycerol molecules getting reassembled into tags and then packaged into Chyle microns within the intestinal cells. Then they're transported out of the intestinal cells towards the bloodstream. And from there, they can go towards the liver or skeletal muscle for energy production or they can go to adipose cells for storage. When we talk about VLDL, here, we're gonna say this is location, it's the liver to adipose tissue for storage or again, other tissues for energy. Example, the liver or skeletal muscle. LDL, we're gonna say here this is liver to various tissues. So we're talking about cell membranes or steroid hormones. We're gonna say excess of this though is deposited on the walls of arteries, which is not something we want. That's why we wanna keep our LDL cholesterol low. When it comes to our, our dietary habits. Next, we're gonna say HDL, we have various tissues back to the liver and they're gonna say it's converted to bile and excrete. Right. So here these are different types of lipoproteins. Remember we have in a lipoprotein, a protein to lipids, mix the higher the protein aspect, the more dense it becomes.
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Lipoproteins for Transport Example 1
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Here, it says, match each lipoprotein with their correct statements. So we have Chylomicron, VL, DLL DL and HDL, right. So here it says, takes triglycerides from liver to muscle cells, right? So here we could say that this represents VLDL because here we can say VLDL, we have it going from the liver to adipose cells for storage or other tissues for energy. One of those places muscle cells here, this is considered good cholesterol because it removes excess cholesterol from the blood. This would have to be HDL high density lipoproteins here, various tissues they take it moves back to the liver where it's going to be converted into bile and then excreted. Here. These are our transport dietary lipids to various tissues. So our transport dietary lipids, this would have to be our Chylomicron. So actually, I'm just gonna write one here and I'm gonna change these to Roman numerals. So this was four and this was two. So this leaves LDL, most of cholesterol is transported to tissues that needed by this lipoprotein. So this would have to be option three LDL. So this is how we can match each one of the following li or proteins to the various statements given.
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