Identify all of the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of functional groups. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Examples include hydroxyl (-OH), amine (-NH2), carbonyl (C=O), and others.
2. Step 2: Examine the structure of pseudoephedrine. Since the image is not provided, refer to a reliable source or textbook to view the molecular structure of pseudoephedrine. It is important to identify all distinct groups of atoms in the molecule.
3. Step 3: Identify the hydroxyl group (-OH). Look for an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom within the molecule. This group is typically found in alcohols.
4. Step 4: Identify the amine group (-NH2 or -NHR). Check for a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. Amines are common in organic molecules like pseudoephedrine.
5. Step 5: Identify any other functional groups present, such as aromatic rings (benzene-like structures) or alkyl groups. Aromatic rings are characterized by alternating double bonds in a cyclic structure, while alkyl groups are simple hydrocarbon chains or branches.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2), each imparting distinct chemical behavior.

Pseudoephedrine Structure

Pseudoephedrine is a common decongestant with a specific molecular structure that includes several functional groups. Understanding its structure is crucial for identifying the functional groups present. Typically, pseudoephedrine contains an alcohol group and an amine group, which contribute to its pharmacological properties.

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on their structure and functional groups. It provides a way to communicate the identity and composition of a molecule clearly. Familiarity with nomenclature helps in recognizing and categorizing functional groups within complex organic molecules like pseudoephedrine.