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Organic Chemistry
Learn the toughest concepts covered in Organic Chemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors.
1. A Review of General Chemistry
Electronegativity
All bonds are not created equal. Some bonds perfectly share their electrons, and others barely share them at all. A dipole moment is the mathematical expression that describes this disbalance.
Types of Bonds
General rules:
- Bonds to carbon and hydrogen are always covalent.
- Bonds between two identical atoms are always covalent.
- Adjacent atoms on the periodic table are polar.
- Lone pairs are polar.
The sum of all dipole moments is equal to the net dipole. If all dipoles perfectly cancel out, the molecule with have no net dipole.
1
concept
Differences between ionic, polar and covalent bonds
11m
Play a video:
2
Problem
Which molecule/s contain/s net dipoles?
A
a
B
b
C
both a and b
D
none of them
3
Problem
Which molecule/s contain/s net dipoles?
A
c
B
d
C
both c and d
D
none of them
4
Problem
Which molecule/s contain/s net dipoles?
A
e
B
f
C
both of e and f
D
none of them
5
Problem
Which of the solvents are apolar and polar?
A
apolar:a, d and e; polar:c and b
B
apolar:a, c and d; polar:b and e
C
apolar:a and c; polar:b, d and e
D
apolar:a and d; polar:b, c and e