In a chemistry laboratory, various instruments are essential for conducting experiments and applying theoretical knowledge. Understanding the purpose and function of these apparatuses is crucial for effective experimentation.

One common tool is the transfer pipette, typically made from inexpensive plastic, designed to transfer small volumes of liquid accurately. Another important instrument is the burette, which is used to dispense precise amounts of liquid, often referred to as a titrant, during procedures such as acid-base titrations. For example, if a burette is filled to 25 mL and then dispensed to 18 mL, the volume delivered would be calculated as:

Volume delivered = Initial volume - Final volume = 25 \, \text{mL} - 18 \, \text{mL} = 7 \, \text{mL}.

The Buckner funnel is another key apparatus, primarily used for filtration. It features holes that allow liquids to pass through while retaining solid particles when filter paper is placed on top. To enhance the filtration process, a vacuum flask can be connected to the Buckner funnel, utilizing suction to expedite the separation of solids from liquids.

For measuring liquid volumes, a graduated cylinder is employed. While it is not the most precise measuring tool, it is suitable for transferring larger amounts of liquid. In contrast, a beaker serves a similar purpose but is typically used for even larger quantities, with common sizes ranging from 250 mL to 500 mL.

The volumetric flask is specifically designed for making dilutions. For instance, if you have 10 mL of a 0.20 M solution, you would add water up to a designated line to achieve the desired concentration. This flask is crucial for preparing solutions of known concentrations and can come in various sizes, sometimes up to 1 liter.

Lastly, the Erlenmeyer flask is useful for transferring larger volumes of solutions, making it a versatile tool in the laboratory. Familiarizing yourself with these instruments, their names, and their primary uses will enhance your practical skills in chemistry.