What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the cyanate ion (NCO−)?

• A. sp^2
• B. sp
• C. sp^3
• D. dsp^2

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Draw the Lewis structure of the cyanate ion (NCO⁻). Identify the connectivity of atoms: nitrogen (N) is bonded to carbon (C), which is bonded to oxygen (O), and account for the negative charge on the ion.
2. Step 2: Count the total number of valence electrons for the N, C, and O atoms, and add one extra electron for the negative charge. Distribute these electrons to satisfy the octet rule as much as possible.
3. Step 3: Determine the bonding and lone pairs around the carbon atom by analyzing the Lewis structure. Note the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs on carbon.
4. Step 4: Use the steric number (number of sigma bonds + lone pairs) around the carbon atom to determine its hybridization. Recall that: steric number 2 corresponds to sp, 3 to sp², and 4 to sp³ hybridization.
5. Step 5: Confirm the hybridization by considering the molecular geometry and the presence of any multiple bonds (double or triple bonds) involving carbon, which influence the hybridization state.