18. Aqueous Equilibrium
Intro to Buffers
18. Aqueous Equilibrium
Intro to Buffers - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Acid-Base Buffers
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2
concept
Buffer Creation
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3
example
Intro to Buffers Example
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4
Problem
ProblemWhich pairs of compounds are capable of making a buffer? Select all that apply.
a) 1.3 M LiOH and 1.7 M HCOOH c) 0.35 M CH3CO2H and 0.35 M NaOH
b) 0.784 M NH4+ and 0.800 M HClO4 d) 0.80 HNO3 and 0.15 MgO
A
1.3 M LiOH and 1.7 M HCOOH
B
0.784 M NH4+ and 0.800 M HClO4
C
0.35 M CH3CO2H and 0.35 M NaOH
D
0.80 HNO3 and 0.15 MgO
5
concept
Buffer Capacity
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45sPlay a video:
6
example
Intro to Buffers Example
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7
concept
Buffer Range
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8
example
Intro to Buffers Example
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9
Problem
ProblemDetermine which of the following actions will destroy a buffer composed of 0.50 L of 1.44 M H3PO4 and 0.60 L of 1.25 M NaH2PO4−.
a) Addition of 1.45 moles of KH2PO4
b) Addition of 0.85 moles of HCl
c) Addition of water
d) Addition of 0.30 moles of Ca(OH)2
e) Addition of 0.70 moles of HIO4
A
Addition of 1.45 moles of KH2PO4
B
Addition of 0.85 moles of HCl
C
Addition of water
D
Addition of 0.30 moles of Ca(OH)2
E
Addition of 0.70 moles of HIO4
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PRACTICE PROBLEMS AND ACTIVITIES (107)
- The beaker on the right contains 0.1 M acetic acid solution with methyl orange as an indicator. The beaker on...
- The beaker on the right contains 0.1 M acetic acid solution with methyl orange as an indicator. The beaker on...
- The indicator methyl orange has been added to both of the following solutions. Based on the colors, classify e...
- The following diagram represents a buffer composed of equal concentrations of a weak acid, HA, and its conjug...
- The following diagram represents a buffer composed of equal concentrations of a weak acid, HA, and its conjuga...
- What is the pH of a buffer solution prepared by dissolving 0.250 mol of NaH2PO4 and 0.075 mol of NaOH in enoug...
- Consider the following table of standard electrode potentials for a series of hypothetical reactions in an aqu...
- Consider the following table of standard reduction potentials:. Which substance(s) can be reduced by C-? (a) D...
- Bars of iron are put into each of the three beakers as shown here. In which beaker—A, B, or C—would you expect...
- You are titrating an acidic solution with a basic one, and just realized you forgot to add the indicator that ...
- In excess of NH3(aq), Zn2+ forms a complex ion, [Zn(NH3)4]2+ which has a formation constant Kf = 7.8 x 10^8. C...
- What is the molar solubility of AgI in 0.20 M NaCN? (a) 6.2 x 10^-4 M (b) 1.0 x 10^-1 M (c) 7.6 x 10^-2 M (d)...
- A solution containing sulfide ions is added to a solution of 0.036 M Cu2+ and 0.044 M Fe2+. At what concentrat...
- Which of the following solutions is a buffer? (a) A solution made by mixing 100 mL of 0.100 M CH3COOH and 50 ...
- A buffer contains 0.10 mol of acetic acid and 0.13 mol of sodium acetate in 1.00 L. (a) What is the pH of this...
- You have to prepare a pH = 3.50 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, CH3COOH,...
- You have to prepare a pH = 5.00 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, HCOONa, ...
- You have to prepare a pH = 5.00 buffer, and you have the following 0.10 M solutions available: HCOOH, HCOONa, ...
- A buffer contains significant amounts of acetic acid and sodium acetate. Write equations showing how this buf...
- Consider the following table of standard reduction potentials: (b) Which substances can be oxidized by B2+? W...
- A buffer contains significant amounts of ammonia and ammonium chloride. Write equations showing how this buffe...
- Addition of the indicator methyl orange to an unknown solution leads to a yellow color. The addition of bromth...
- The following pictures represent solutions that contain one or more of the compounds H2A, NaHA, and Na2A, wher...
- The following pictures represent solutions that contain one or more of the compounds H2A, NaHA, and Na2A, wher...
- Assume that 30.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution of a weak base B that accepts one proton is titrated with a 0.10 M s...
- Addition of phenolphthalein to an unknown colorless solution does not cause a color change. The addition of br...
- From each of the following pairs of substances, use data in Appendix E to choose the one that is the stronger...
- From each of the following pairs of substances, use data in Appendix E to choose the one that is the stronger...
- By using the data in Appendix E, determine whether each of the following substances is likely to serve as an o...
- By using the data in Appendix E, determine whether each of the following substances is likely to serve as an o...
- Is each of the following substances likely to serve as an oxidant or a reductant: (d) N2O51g2?
- (a) Assuming standard conditions, arrange the following in order of increasing strength as oxidizing agents in...
- A 100.0-mL buffer solution is 0.175 M in HClO and 0.150 M in NaClO. b. What is the pH after addition of 150....
- A 100.0-mL buffer solution is 0.175 M in HClO and 0.150 M in NaClO. a. What is the initial pH of this solution...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. e. 125.0 mL of 0.15 M NH3...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. d. 175.0 mL of 0.10 M NH3...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. c. 50.0 mL of 0.15 M HF; 20...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. b. 50.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl;...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. a. 100.0 mL of 0.10 M NH3...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. e. 105.0 mL of 0.15 M CH3...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. c. 165.0 mL of 0.10 M HF;...
- Determine whether or not the mixing of each pair of solutions results in a buffer. b. 150.0 mL of 0.10 M HF; 1...
- Which metal could you use to reduce Mn2+ ions but not Mg2+ ions?
- Which metal can be oxidized with an Sn2+ solution but not with an Fe2+ solution?
- The fluids within cells are buffered by H2PO4- and HPO42 - . b. Could a buffer system employing H3PO4 as the ...
- A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO2 and 0.150 M in KNO2. Determine if each addition would exceed th...
- A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO2 and 0.150 M in KNO2. Determine if each addition would exceed th...
- A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO2 and 0.150 M in KNO2. Determine if each addition would exceed th...
- A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO2 and 0.150 M in KNO2. Determine if each addition would exceed the...
- Which metal cation is the best oxidizing agent? a. Pb2+ b. Cr3+ c. Fe2+ d. Sn2+
- Which of the following gives a buffer solution when equal volumes of the two solutions are mixed? (a) 0.10 M N...
- Which of the following solutions has the greater buffer capacity: 100 mL of 0.30 M HNO2-0.30 M NaNO2 or 100 mL...
- From the value of Kf listed in Table 17.1, calculate the concentration of Ni2 +1aq2 and Ni1NH326 2+ that are...
- Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base and answer each q...
- Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid and answer each question. ...
- Calculate the pH of a buffer solution that is 0.20 M in HCN and 0.12 M in NaCN. Will the pH change if the solu...
- Use the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH of a buffer solution that is 0.25 M in formic acid ...
- A 30.0-mL sample of 0.165 M propanoic acid is titrated with 0.300 M KOH. Calculate the pH at each volume of ad...
- Arrange the following oxidizing agents in order of increasing strength under standard-state conditions: Br2(aq...
- The ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3 in blood is called the 'bicarb number' and is used as a measure of blood pH in hos...
- A solution of Na2SO4 is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba2 +1aq2 and 0.010 M in Sr2 +1aq2. (a...
- A solution of Na2SO4 is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba2 +1aq2 and 0.010 M in Sr2 +1aq2. (...
- A 25.0-mL sample of 0.125 M pyridine is titrated with 0.100 M HCl. Calculate the pH at each volume of added ac...
- In what volume ratio should you mix 1.0 M solutions of NH4Cl and NH3 to produce a buffer solution having pH = ...
- Consider the following substances: I2(s), Fe2+(aq), Cr2O72-(aq). Which is the strongest oxidizing agent? Which...
- Give a recipe for preparing a CH3CO2H-CH3CO2Na buffer solution that has pH = 4.44.
- Consider the following substances: Fe2+(aq), Sn2+(aq), I-(aq). Identify the strongest reducing agent and the w...
- You need a buffer solution that has pH = 7.00. Which of the following buffer systems should you choose? Explai...
- Consider the following substances: Fe(s), PbO2(s), H+(aq), Al(s), Ag(s), Cr2O72-(aq). (d) Which substances can...
- Consider a buffer solution that contains equal concentrations of H2PO4- and HPO42-. Will the pH increase, decr...
- Which of the indicators given in Figure 16.5, methyl violet, bromcresol green, phenol red, or thymolphthalein...
- Which of the indicators given in Figure 16.5, methyl violet, bromcresol green, phenol red, or thymolphthalein...
- Use the data in Appendix D to predict whether the following reactions can occur under standard-state condition...
- (b) What is the most significant difference between the sulfides precipitated in group 2 and those precipitate...
- Methyl red has a pKa of 5.0 and is red in its acid form and yellow in its basic form. If several drops of this...
- Derive an equation similar to the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relating the pOH of a buffer to the pKb of i...
- Referring to Table 17.1, pick an indicator for use in the titration of each acid with a strong base. a. HF
- Referring to Table 17.1, pick an indicator for use in the titration of each base with a strong acid. a. CH3NH2
- The acid–base indicator bromcresol green is a weak acid. The yellow acid and blue base forms of the indicator...
- Two buffers are prepared by adding an equal number of moles of formic acid (HCOOH) and sodium formate (HCOON...
- Mathematically prove that the pH at the halfway point of a titration of a weak acid with a strong base (where...
- A mixture of copper and gold metals that is subjected to electrorefining contains tellurium as an impurity. Th...
- A solution is 0.010 M in Ba2 + and 0.020 M in Ca2 + . b. What is the remaining concentration of the cation th...
- A solution is 0.010 M in Ba2 + and 0.020 M in Ca2 + . a. If sodium sulfate is used to selectively precipitate ...
- The solubility product for Zn1OH22 is 3.0 * 10-16. The formation constant for the hydroxo complex, Zn1OH242 - ...
- The value of Ksp for Cd1OH22 is 2.5 * 10-14. (b) The solubility of Cd1OH22 can be increased through formation ...
- A solution is made 1.1 * 10 - 3 M in Zn(NO3)2 and 0.150 M in NH3. After the solution reaches equilibrium, wha...
- (b) As the acid is titrated, the pH of the solution after the addition of 11.05 mL of the base is 4.89. What i...
- Use the appropriate values of Ksp and Kf to find the equilibrium constant for the reaction. FeS(s) + 6 CN-(a...
- Is the solubility of Zn(OH)2 increased, decreased, or unchanged on addition of each of the following substance...
- Is the solubility of Fe(OH)3 increased, decreased, or unchanged on addition of each of the following substance...
- Dissolution of 5.0 x 10^-3 mol of Cr(OH)3 in 1.0 L of 1.0 M NaOH gives a solution of the complex ion [Cr(OH)4]...
- Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of the follow-ing dissolution reactions, and use the appropriate ...
- Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of the follow-ing dissolution reactions, and use the appropriate ...
- Calculate the molar solubility of AgI in: (a) Pure Water (b) 0.10 M NaCN: Kf for [Ag(CN)2]- is 3.0 x 10^20
- Calculate the molar solubility of Cr(OH)3 in 0.50 M NaOH; Kf for Cr(OH)4- is 8 x 10^29.
- Citric acid (H3Cit) can be used as a household cleaning agent to dissolve rust stains. The rust, represented a...
- Calculate the solubility of silver chloride in a solution that is 0.100 M in NH3.
- Calculate the solubility of CuX in a solution that is 0.150 M in NaCN. Ksp for CuX is 1.27 * 10 - 36.
- Using the qualitative analysis flowchart in Figure 17.18 , tell how you could separate the following pairs of ...
- Give a method for seperating the following pairs of ions by the addition of no more than two substances. (a) ...
- What should the molar concentrations of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate be in a solution that is buffered at...
- Assume that you have three white solids: NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2. What tests could you do to tell which is which?
- In quantitative analysis, Ag+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ are seperated from other cations by the addition of HCl. Calcula...
- A 40.0 mL sample of a mixture of HCl and H3PO4 was titrated with 0.100 M NaOH. The first equivalence point was...
- A 1.000 L sample of HCl gas at 25°C and 732.0 mm Hg was absorbed completely in an aqueous solution that contai...
- Consider a galvanic cell that utilizes the following half-reactions: (d) Will AgCl precipitate if 10.0 mL ...