Naming Carboxylic Acids - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Rules for Naming Carboxylic Acids
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55s
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Now recall that carbolic acids possess a carbon carbon connected to a hydroxyl group. So your hydroxyl group is an oh group. So we have a carbonyl connected to. Oh now, the set of rules for naming carbolic acids are similar to aldehydes. That's because just like in aldehyde, the carbon carbon, in this case of a carbolic acid is always number one. Now, here we're going to modify the E ending of the original alkane to OIC acid because it's no, it's not an alkane. It's a carbolic acid. So E becomes OIC acid. Our naming convention, we still have to give the locations of our different substituents. Our parent chain would be modified from an E ending to OIC acid. So keep this in mind as we start naming different types of carbolic acids.
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example
Naming Carboxylic Acids Example
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2m
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Provide the systematic name for the following carbolic acid. Here to do that, we're gonna utilize these steps in terms of naming the molecule before us. So here's step one find the longest carbon chain. This will represent our parent chain and assign name according to the prefixes and modifier. The parent chain should include the carbolic acid group and greater number of carbons. Now, if a tie between longest chain choose chain with more substituents, all right. So we're going to find the longest carbon chain. We gotta make sure that the carbonic acid group is part of it. So if we look, this would be the longest carbon chain, so we can go this way or you can go this way, both would give us the same length for the carbon chain and the same number of substituents. So here I'm just gonna go by the original way this way. Now assign name to all the substituents for step two. So here we have a bromine group as a substituent. So this would be bromo and then here we have a three carbon alkyl group which is ethyl, start numbering the chain at the carbon of the Carbolic acid group. So coo H group. So this would be 12345 and six. And then steps 4 to 6, we repeat steps from previous naming topics. Mainly. We give numerical locations to the substituents. We make sure that they're named alphabetically in relation to each other. And we make sure we use commas to separate numbers and dashes or hyphens to separate letters from numbers. So here alphabetically B comes before E the bromo is on carbon three. So three bromo, and then we have the ethyl on carbon 44 ethyl. Since the carbonic acid, carbonyl carbon is carbon number one, we don't have to give it a number designation. So we have a six carbon chain which is hexane, but we changed the E ending to hex andic acid. Here it becomes OIC acid. So the name of our carboxylic acid here would be three bromo, four ethyl Hexon OIC acid.
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Problem
Problem
If the substituent name of the OH group is hydroxy in the presence of a carboxylic acid, provide the systematic name for the following compound.
A
5-ethyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid
B
4-ethyl-5-hydroxyoctanoic acid
C
5- isopropyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid
D
4-isopropyl-5-hydroxyoctanoic acid
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