Oxides, Peroxides, and Superoxides - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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concept
Oxide, Peroxide, and Superoxide Formulas
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Now, oxides, peroxides and super oxides are binary compounds of oxygen with metals. Now, you're going to say that group one A and two A metals combine directly with oxygen to form these three types of compounds. So let's take a closer look at oxides, peroxides and super oxides. The memory tool that we can use here is that oxides peroxides and super oxides are 1221. So what exactly do we mean by that? Well, first of all oxides peroxides super oxides ops, remember remember it in that order and remember it's alphabetical as well. We're going to say here that the one here tells us the number of oxygen. So we have one oxygen and the second number gives us the charge. So two here would be two minus and we know it's minus because all of these are anions. So coming back down here, the first number gives us the number of oxygens. The second number gives us the charge. Let's move over to peroxides, peroxides. Its first number is this two. Now, so there's two oxygens. The second number gives us its charge to minus. So peroxides are 022 minus super oxides the first number gives us the number of oxygens which is two oxygens. The second number gives us its charge minus one. So super oxides is 02 minus. So these are the formulas for oxides, peroxides and super oxides. Remember ops written in alphabetical order. First number represents a number of oxygen. Second number represents the charge for each of them. If you can remember that you remember the structures of each one of these anions.
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example
Oxides, Peroxides, And Superoxides Example
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Here it says write a formula for sodium peroxide. Well, we know sodium is in group one A. So it's plus one in charge but peroxide, what does peroxide look like? Well, ops oxides peroxides super oxides. And we know that it has a number of 1221 peroxide which is p here. Remember the first number tells us the number of oxygens which is two and the second number tells us the charge to minus. So this is the formula for peroxide. The numbers and the charges are different. So they don't cancel out. They crisscross one comes here, two, comes here. So sodium peroxide would be N A 202. This would be our final answer.
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Problem
Problem
Classify each of the following compounds as an oxide, peroxide, or superoxide.
Now that we know what oxides, peroxides and super oxides are. It's important to understand which group one A elements which group two A elements create oxides, peroxides or super oxides. So we're gonna say here as we go up the group, the ability to form peroxides and super oxides decreases group two A metals do not form super oxides. If we take a look here, we have our group one A and two A elements, we have our oxides which are in this kind of like pinkish color, our peroxide which are blue and then our brownish colors are super oxides. We can see her that lithium is in the pinkish purplish color. So it could form oxides. So lithiums in group one A. So it's plus one. Remember that oxides have an 02 minus charge. So this would be L I 20 peroxides. Here we have sodium which is in group one A. So plus one peroxides are +022 minus. So this could be N A 202 and then super oxides. Let's see. We have rubidium here. What we have cesium here which is plus one. Super oxides are +02 minus one. So this would be CSO two. All right. So we know from this list what can make what? But how do we remember? Well, here we have our memory tool. Our memory tool number one is peroxides are bananas. So here if we take a look and actually we're gonna color code them better. Peroxides are bananas. Barium sodium, those are the two elements that can make peroxides. And then here memory tool number two smart kangaroos read comics. So here memory tool two is for our super oxides. Who do we have? Kangaroo is potassium reads is rubidium comics C and then s that's cesium those make our super oxides and then anything that's not part of memory to one or memory tool two. So basically our oxides, they're the ones that are left over and they're in this pinkish purplish color, right? So that's how we're gonna remember which elements do what? So peroxides are bananas, only barium and sodium make peroxides. Smart kangaroos read. Well smart kangaroo reads comics. Potassium rubidium cesium. They're the ones who make super oxides because reading is super and then everything else is an oxide. So just keep that in mind when you're asked to determine the type of oxygen compound you make when you're given a particular group, one A or two A element
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example
Oxides, Peroxides, And Superoxides Example
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Here, it says complete imbalance. The following equation we have barium solid react with oxygen gas. All right. So we have to remember what type of structure does barium make? If we recall memory tool number one peroxides are bananas. Barium makes peroxides when reacting with oxygen gas. So barium is in group two A. So it's two plus in charge and then remember what's the formula for peroxide 02 to minus. This is two plus, this is two minus. They have the same numbers in their charges. So they just cancel out and what's left behind comes together. So barium peroxide would be bao two. You would be a solid. If we look, our equation is also already balanced, we have one barium on each side and two oxygens on each side. So this would be our final complete and balanced chemical reaction.
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Problem
Problem
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of potassium with oxygen.
A
K(s) + O2(g) KO2(s)
B
2 K(s) + O2(g) K2O2(s)
C
2 K(s) + O2(g) 2 KO(s)
D
4 K(s) + O2(g) 2 K2O(s)
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concept
Oxides, Peroxides, and Superoxides Summary
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So here we have a summary of the reactions with oxides, peroxides and super oxides oxides are 02 minus when dealing with group one. A remember group one, a metals are plus one oxide is two minus like we have here. The numbers are different. So one comes here and two comes here. So this would be M 20 solid to balance it. I'd have to throw a two here and a four here when reacting with group two way we have M two plus because group two way metals are two plus and then 02 minus. This would just be mo solid. We put a two here and a two here. Remember looking at the periodic table, our peroxides are what are in these purple, pinkish boxes, peroxides. Memory 21 tells me that peroxides are bananas. So that's barium and sodium that make these types of structures. Group one A would be again plus one. And then we have 022 minus one comes here. Two comes here. So we have M 202, we put a two year to balance it out and then we'd have barium, which is the metal. Technically here, but here we'd say it's M two plus 022 minus the charges cancel out. And that's how we get MO two. And then remember memory tool two smart kangaroo reads comics potassium rubidium Susi. They're the ones who make super oxides. So here we'd have M plus one for the group one A medals 02 minus one charges cancel out. And that's how we get MO two solid. We don't have super oxides for group two A at least under normal conditions. We have to do some extraordinary things in order to force this to happen. That's beyond the scope of this course. So don't worry about that. All right. So just remember how we learned what oxides, peroxides and super oxides are. And then remember your two memory tools to recall who are the peroxides and who are the super oxides? Everything else would just be an oxide.
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